﻿l66 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  easterly 
  basin. 
  The 
  diastrophic 
  movements, 
  which 
  raised 
  the 
  Green 
  

   and 
  Taconic 
  mountains, 
  have 
  not 
  only 
  intensely 
  crumpled 
  and 
  

   folded 
  this 
  entire 
  mass, 
  but 
  also 
  shoved 
  it 
  a 
  great 
  distance 
  westward 
  

   until 
  it 
  has 
  overridden 
  the 
  western 
  set 
  of 
  formations 
  to 
  within 
  a 
  

   few 
  miles 
  of 
  Saratoga. 
  

  

  The 
  combined 
  effect 
  of 
  this 
  great 
  overthrusting 
  of 
  the 
  eastern 
  

   shale 
  masses 
  on 
  the 
  western 
  set 
  of 
  formations 
  has 
  evidently 
  been 
  

   that 
  the 
  limestones 
  of 
  the 
  latter 
  have 
  been 
  buried 
  under 
  an 
  immense 
  

   mass 
  of 
  shales. 
  At 
  Mechanicville, 
  for 
  instance, 
  only 
  a 
  few 
  miles 
  

   from 
  the 
  western 
  edge 
  of 
  this 
  shale 
  mass, 
  a 
  well 
  was 
  sunk 
  1400 
  

   feet 
  through 
  these 
  shales 
  without 
  reaching 
  their 
  bottom. 
  Further, 
  

   this 
  mass 
  undoubtedly 
  forced 
  the 
  western 
  set 
  of 
  rocks 
  downward, 
  a 
  

   process 
  which 
  was 
  helped 
  by 
  step 
  faults 
  such 
  as 
  occur 
  at 
  Saratoga 
  

   farther 
  west. 
  

  

  We 
  thus 
  get 
  a 
  set 
  of 
  limestone 
  and 
  sandstone 
  formations 
  that 
  

   descends 
  gradually 
  eastward 
  to 
  greater 
  and 
  greater 
  depths, 
  be- 
  

   coming 
  all 
  the 
  time 
  buried 
  under 
  greater 
  masses 
  of 
  impervious 
  

   shales. 
  The 
  mineral 
  waters, 
  which 
  for 
  good 
  reasons 
  are 
  considered 
  

   as 
  coming 
  from 
  the 
  east, 
  find 
  thus 
  a 
  channel 
  in 
  the 
  jointed 
  and 
  

   broken 
  limestones 
  and 
  porous 
  sandstones, 
  gradually 
  rising 
  west- 
  

   ward 
  until 
  they 
  strike 
  the 
  Precambric 
  block 
  at 
  Saratoga, 
  where 
  they 
  

   rise 
  along 
  the 
  Spring 
  fault 
  and 
  through 
  the 
  relatively 
  thin 
  shale 
  

   cover 
  to 
  the 
  surface 
  from 
  the 
  storage 
  basin 
  that 
  is 
  formed 
  in 
  the 
  

   fault 
  block 
  upon 
  which 
  the 
  eastern 
  part 
  of 
  Saratoga 
  Springs 
  stands. 
  

   This 
  underground 
  course 
  of 
  the 
  water 
  is 
  indicated 
  in 
  the 
  sections 
  

   on 
  plate 
  of 
  sections 
  by 
  the 
  blue 
  line. 
  

  

  The 
  pressure 
  necessary 
  to 
  bring 
  the 
  waters 
  on 
  the 
  long 
  journey 
  

   from 
  the 
  east 
  through 
  this 
  underground 
  channel 
  is 
  probably 
  sup- 
  

   plied 
  through 
  the 
  head 
  obtained 
  from 
  the 
  mountain 
  regions 
  in 
  the 
  

   east. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  not 
  intended 
  to 
  explain 
  the 
  origin 
  of 
  the 
  carbonated 
  min- 
  

   eral 
  waters 
  by 
  the 
  structure 
  of 
  this 
  basin, 
  although 
  the 
  possibility 
  

   may 
  be 
  suggested 
  that 
  the 
  limestones 
  may 
  in 
  their 
  eastward 
  

   descent 
  reach 
  such 
  depths 
  that 
  they 
  may 
  become 
  subject 
  to 
  meta- 
  

   morphism 
  through 
  which 
  the 
  carbonic 
  acid 
  and 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  salts 
  

   become 
  dissociated. 
  At 
  any 
  rate, 
  the 
  known 
  regional 
  metamorphism 
  

   of 
  the 
  rocks 
  of 
  the 
  eastern 
  trough 
  in 
  the 
  Taconic-Green 
  mountain 
  

   regions 
  is 
  a 
  fact 
  worth 
  remembering 
  in 
  this 
  connection, 
  and 
  the 
  

  

  