330 E. M. KlxMDLE— DEFORMATION JN NOVA SCOTIA ANT) ONTAIUO 



show clearly the tendency of soft beds to move in the direction of least 

 resistance, with a minimum amount of disturbance of firmer superposed 

 beds under certain conditions of loading. In the illustrations, numbers 

 4 and . 5, this direction was mainly upward, and its relationship to the 

 phenomena presented by the contorted Nova Scotia beds is not perhaps 

 at first sight evident, since the latter represent horizontal movement of 

 strata. Vertical extrusion, however, of soft beds through breaks in super- 

 posed beds may directly induce horizontal flowage of the soft beds toward 

 the extruded material. The irregular or uneven character which such 



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Figure 6. — Olass Tank Section composed of Clap, powdered Chalk, and Sand Strata 



originally horizontal 



Weighting with shot has deformed the upper without disturbing the lower beds 



flowage would be likely to assume would disturb in a more or less com- 

 plex manner the bedding of soft laminated clay mud. Lenticular-shaped 

 beds of soft mud incfcsed by firmer beds, if in contact with a thiclv bed of 

 suj)erposed sand on one side, would under certain conditions give rise to 

 such lateral flowage. One condition which would bring about such lateral 

 migration of extra mobile layers would be current scour, as shown in 

 these experiments, which would remove in one area the stronger super- 

 posed beds, causing the soft beds there to squeeze upward, as in figure 5, 

 while elsewhere they flowed toward the base of the plug under pressure 



