FUTURE SUPPLY 613 



fields are confined to Galicia, where commercial quantities have been 

 yielded for many years. The oil is principally of a light, refining grade, 

 paraffin base, and comes from rocks of Eocene and Oligocene age in 

 simple anticlines along the base of the mountains, or sometimes from 

 complex strnctnres in the same region. 



Galicia obtained a maximum production in 1909, wlien it produced 

 15,000,000 barrels of oil; it produced about 4,000,000 barrels in 1915, 

 and although there are many untested areas offering evidence of a good 

 production, it is probable that Galicia never again will produce as much 

 as it has in the last few years. 



ROUMANIA 



The production of Eoumania is now about at its zenith, 12,000,000 

 to 13,000,000 barrels having been produced yearly during the past three 

 years. Intensive development may maintain its production for a short 

 time, but as a factor in the future Eoumania cannot expect to exceed its 

 present relative importance of fourth or fifth in the list of v/orld's pro- 

 ducers. 



RUSSIA 



The word "Russia'^ fills the mind with pictures of unusual and great 

 things, and it is true to its traditions as regards oil. The producing fields 

 are confined principally to the northeastern shore of the Black Sea, the 

 western shore of the Caspian Sea, and the flanks: of the Caucasus Moun- 

 tains, lying between the two. Among the important fields are those of 

 Baku and Grosny. Practically all of the oil comes from the Lower or 

 Middle Tertiary^ usually along anticlines, though productive areas with 

 complex structure are not rare. Practically all grades of oil are found 

 in the Eussian fields. Russia is a country in wliich the government regu- 

 lations have tended to retard rather than accelerate development, and 

 were it not for the fact that nature has been so generous with her as 

 regards oil she would not occupy the second place among the world's pro- 

 ducers as she does now. Russia reached her apex of production in 1901, 

 when she produced over 85,000,000 barrels. In 1915 she produced about 

 68,000,000 barrels. Such large areas, both in European and Asiatic 

 Russia, yield unmistakable evidence of oil in large quantities, that it is 

 to this country, among those of Europe and Asia, the future must look 

 for a supply. Many obstacles, both governmental and natural, will have 

 to be overcome to recover the oil; but demand will force the' overcoming 

 of these, and for many years in the future Russia can be counted on to 

 hold second rank, and eventually first, among the world's producers. 



