﻿20 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  ravine 
  locally 
  known 
  as 
  the 
  " 
  Gulf 
  " 
  in 
  the 
  resistant 
  Potsdam 
  sand- 
  

   stone, 
  and 
  the 
  seaward 
  escape 
  of 
  the 
  Ontario 
  basin 
  waters 
  was 
  

   shifted 
  from 
  the 
  Mohawk-Hudson 
  to 
  the 
  Champlain-St 
  Lawrence. 
  

   These 
  waters, 
  with 
  level 
  inferior 
  to 
  the 
  Iroquois 
  and 
  with 
  different 
  

   outlet, 
  require 
  a 
  distinctive 
  name 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  proposed 
  to 
  call 
  them 
  

   Hypo-Iroquois. 
  

  

  With 
  only 
  a 
  little 
  further 
  recession 
  of 
  the 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  ice 
  sheet 
  

   on 
  the 
  end 
  or 
  nos^e 
  of 
  Covey 
  hill 
  the 
  Hypo-Iroquois 
  waters 
  found 
  

   yet 
  lower 
  escape 
  between 
  the 
  ice 
  and 
  the 
  north-facing 
  land 
  slope, 
  

   and 
  the 
  outflow 
  carved 
  the 
  slope 
  into 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  irregular 
  benches 
  

   or 
  terraces. 
  When 
  the 
  waters 
  were 
  lowered 
  between 
  three 
  and 
  four 
  

   hundred 
  feet 
  below 
  the 
  intake 
  of 
  the 
  Covey 
  gulf 
  the 
  level 
  of 
  the 
  

   ocean 
  was 
  reached 
  and 
  the 
  waters 
  in 
  the 
  Ontario 
  basin 
  blended 
  with 
  

   the 
  sea. 
  

  

  The 
  gravel 
  bars 
  of 
  the 
  Iroquois 
  shore 
  have 
  been 
  traced 
  to 
  a 
  point 
  

   midway 
  between 
  Watertown 
  and 
  Carthage, 
  but 
  eastward 
  and 
  north- 
  

   eastward 
  from 
  here 
  the 
  shoreline 
  is 
  weak 
  and 
  very 
  irregular, 
  

   passing 
  far 
  up 
  the 
  valleys 
  of 
  the 
  present 
  north-flowing 
  streams. 
  

   The 
  deltas 
  built 
  at 
  the 
  mouths 
  of 
  these 
  rivers 
  in 
  the 
  Iroquois 
  waters 
  

   are 
  proofs 
  of 
  the 
  relation 
  of 
  streams 
  to 
  the 
  high-level 
  lake, 
  and 
  they 
  

   have 
  interesting 
  characters. 
  Excepting 
  the 
  Potsdam 
  quadrangle 
  the 
  

   long 
  stretch 
  of 
  the 
  Iroquois 
  shore 
  from 
  Carthage 
  to 
  Covey 
  hill 
  is 
  

   unmapped 
  by 
  the 
  topographic 
  survey 
  and 
  its 
  close 
  study 
  is 
  not 
  at 
  

   present 
  advisable. 
  

  

  (3) 
  Gilbert 
  gulf. 
  The 
  marine 
  beaches 
  on 
  the 
  north 
  slope 
  of 
  

   Covey 
  hill 
  are 
  remarkable 
  for 
  their 
  strength, 
  number 
  and 
  composi- 
  

   tion. 
  The 
  upper 
  ones 
  are 
  strong, 
  close 
  set 
  ridges 
  of 
  sandstone 
  

   boulders. 
  Aneroid 
  measure 
  makes 
  the 
  highest 
  continuous 
  bar 
  about 
  

   460 
  feet 
  A. 
  T. 
  This 
  is 
  10 
  feet 
  higher 
  than 
  the 
  figures 
  previously 
  

   given 
  for 
  the 
  upper 
  reach 
  of 
  the 
  marine 
  waters 
  by 
  Gilbert 
  and 
  

   Woodworth. 
  It 
  is 
  particularly 
  desirable 
  to 
  determine 
  the 
  precise 
  

   altitudes 
  for 
  the 
  several 
  Covey 
  hill 
  features 
  and 
  the 
  State 
  should 
  

   place 
  benches 
  along 
  the 
  International 
  boundary. 
  

  

  Passing 
  down 
  the 
  hill 
  slope 
  from 
  the 
  marine 
  summit 
  bar 
  it 
  is 
  

   found 
  that 
  20 
  distinct 
  bars 
  occur 
  in 
  a 
  descent 
  of 
  only 
  140 
  feet, 
  the 
  

   greatest 
  interval 
  (aneroid 
  measure) 
  being 
  12 
  feet. 
  This 
  multiplica- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  the 
  wave-built 
  ridges 
  agrees 
  with 
  the 
  theoretical 
  expectation, 
  

   since 
  the 
  vertical 
  spacing 
  was 
  produced 
  by 
  the 
  very 
  slow, 
  and 
  prob- 
  

   ably 
  uniform, 
  uplifting 
  of 
  the 
  land 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  sea, 
  giving 
  oppor- 
  

   tunity 
  and 
  time 
  for 
  bar 
  construction 
  at 
  all 
  interior 
  levels. 
  

  

  Professor 
  Woodworth 
  has 
  traced 
  the 
  marine 
  shore 
  westward 
  

   some 
  distance 
  and 
  Professor 
  Fairchild 
  has 
  located 
  the 
  upper 
  limit 
  

  

  