﻿FOURTH 
  REPORT 
  OF 
  THE 
  DIRECTOR 
  I907 
  65 
  

  

  of 
  glacial 
  geography. 
  The 
  marine 
  and 
  glacial 
  shore 
  lines 
  were 
  

   visited 
  on 
  the 
  route 
  westward 
  from 
  Mooers, 
  and 
  the 
  party 
  stopped 
  

   for 
  lunch 
  in 
  " 
  The 
  Gulf," 
  near 
  the 
  two 
  lakes 
  which 
  show 
  the 
  location 
  

   of 
  the 
  gorge 
  that 
  represents 
  the 
  ancestor 
  of 
  Niagara. 
  The 
  noon 
  

   talk, 
  given 
  by 
  J. 
  B, 
  Woodworth, 
  who 
  has 
  worked 
  out 
  the 
  glacial 
  

   history 
  of 
  this 
  region, 
  was 
  on 
  

  

  Abandoned 
  shore 
  lines 
  

  

  At 
  " 
  The 
  Gulf 
  " 
  Professor 
  Woodworth 
  spoke 
  in 
  substance 
  as 
  fol- 
  

   lows 
  : 
  " 
  The 
  Gulf 
  " 
  and 
  Covey 
  hill 
  north 
  of 
  it 
  constitute 
  a 
  locality 
  

   of 
  critical 
  importance 
  in 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  water 
  levels 
  in 
  the 
  Champlain 
  

   and 
  St 
  Lawrence 
  valleys. 
  " 
  The 
  Gulf 
  " 
  pertains 
  to 
  the 
  closing 
  

   stages 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  ice-dammed 
  lakes 
  which 
  formed 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  

   ice 
  in 
  its 
  retreat 
  from 
  the 
  territory 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States. 
  When 
  

   " 
  The 
  Gulf 
  " 
  was 
  being 
  excavated 
  by 
  a 
  powerful 
  torrent 
  of 
  water, 
  

   the 
  ice 
  sheet 
  still 
  hugged 
  the 
  northern 
  side 
  of 
  Covey 
  hill, 
  itself 
  the 
  

   northermost 
  spur 
  of 
  the 
  Adirondacks. 
  

  

  The 
  waters 
  which 
  entered 
  " 
  The 
  Gulf 
  " 
  came 
  from 
  the 
  west, 
  the 
  

   region 
  of 
  Lake 
  Iroquois, 
  whose 
  waters 
  would 
  have 
  taken 
  this 
  path 
  

   after 
  the 
  ice 
  retreat 
  offered 
  a 
  lower 
  outlet 
  than 
  that 
  at 
  Rome. 
  The 
  

   waters 
  passed 
  from 
  " 
  The 
  Gulf 
  " 
  into 
  Lake 
  Vermont, 
  the 
  preglacial 
  

   lake 
  occupying 
  the 
  valley- 
  of 
  the 
  present 
  Lake 
  Champlain. 
  Lake 
  

   Vermont 
  could 
  not 
  at 
  this 
  stage 
  of 
  its 
  existence 
  have 
  risen 
  above 
  

   the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  water 
  in 
  the 
  waterfall 
  pools 
  of 
  " 
  The 
  Gulf." 
  The 
  

   lower 
  lake 
  is 
  now 
  645 
  feet 
  above 
  sea 
  level. 
  The 
  sea 
  could 
  not 
  at 
  

   this 
  latitude 
  have 
  stood 
  higher 
  than 
  the 
  bottom 
  of 
  " 
  The 
  Gulf." 
  

  

  With 
  the 
  further 
  retreat 
  of 
  the 
  ice 
  from 
  the 
  northern 
  slope 
  of 
  

   Covey 
  hill 
  the 
  water, 
  which 
  had 
  previously 
  discharged 
  through 
  

   " 
  The 
  Gulf 
  " 
  on 
  the 
  south 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  hill, 
  flowed 
  around 
  the 
  north- 
  

   ern 
  slope 
  of 
  the 
  hill 
  and 
  emptied 
  into 
  the 
  sea. 
  The 
  salt 
  water 
  came 
  

   in, 
  and 
  the 
  history 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  glacial 
  lake 
  was 
  completed. 
  

  

  Signs 
  of 
  wave 
  action 
  occur 
  on 
  the 
  Champlain 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  Adiron- 
  

   dacks 
  as 
  high 
  as 
  720 
  feet, 
  but 
  these 
  higher 
  water 
  levels 
  do 
  not 
  

   continue 
  about 
  the 
  northern 
  side 
  of 
  Covey 
  hill 
  north 
  of 
  " 
  The 
  Gulf." 
  

   A 
  good 
  beach 
  is 
  continuous 
  from 
  the 
  Champlain 
  valley 
  about 
  Covey 
  

   hill 
  into 
  the 
  upper 
  St 
  Lawrence 
  valley 
  with 
  an 
  altitude 
  of 
  450 
  feet 
  

   at 
  Covey 
  hill. 
  Higher 
  signs 
  of 
  probable 
  wave 
  action 
  occur 
  up 
  to 
  

   570 
  feet, 
  merging 
  into 
  beaches 
  evidently 
  made 
  by 
  torrential 
  waters 
  

   confined 
  between 
  the 
  hillside 
  and 
  the 
  retreating 
  ice 
  front. 
  

  

  " 
  The 
  Gulf 
  " 
  was 
  properly 
  understood 
  by 
  Ebenezer 
  Emmons 
  to 
  

   have 
  been 
  made 
  by 
  a 
  powerful 
  torrent 
  flowing 
  where 
  now 
  no 
  stream 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  