﻿FOURTH 
  REPORT 
  OF 
  THE 
  DIRECTOR 
  I907 
  89 
  

  

  triangular 
  arrow 
  points, 
  by 
  a 
  lack 
  of 
  notched 
  spears, 
  by 
  a 
  lack 
  of 
  

   objects 
  buried 
  in 
  the 
  graves, 
  by 
  their 
  pottery, 
  by 
  shallow 
  pits 
  contain- 
  

   ing 
  no 
  bone 
  objects 
  nor 
  bone 
  refuse, 
  but 
  frequently 
  some 
  pottery 
  and 
  

   flint 
  chippings. 
  The 
  earth 
  inclosures 
  vary 
  in 
  area 
  from 
  less 
  than 
  

   an 
  acre 
  to 
  5 
  or 
  even 
  7 
  acres. 
  When 
  convenient, 
  points 
  of 
  land 
  

   extending 
  from 
  a 
  terrace 
  out 
  into 
  the 
  valleys 
  were 
  fortified 
  at 
  the 
  

   neck 
  and 
  cut 
  off 
  from 
  the 
  general 
  plane. 
  The 
  earth 
  circles 
  or 
  in- 
  

   closures 
  and 
  fortified 
  necks 
  are 
  locally 
  termed 
  " 
  Indian 
  forts 
  " 
  and 
  

   some 
  undoubtedly 
  were 
  such. 
  Some 
  old 
  writers 
  have 
  called 
  them 
  

   " 
  ceremonial 
  rings 
  " 
  and 
  have 
  expatiated 
  on 
  the 
  wonders 
  of 
  the 
  

   " 
  true 
  circles." 
  Investigation, 
  on 
  the 
  contrary, 
  demonstrated 
  that 
  

   only 
  a 
  few 
  approach 
  true 
  circles 
  and 
  adduces 
  no 
  evidence 
  to 
  prove 
  

   them 
  of 
  a 
  ceremonial 
  character. 
  Often 
  they 
  have 
  been 
  erroneously 
  

   regarded 
  as 
  works 
  of 
  the 
  Mound 
  Builders. 
  

  

  The 
  later 
  Huron-Iroquoian 
  occupation 
  becomes 
  more 
  specific 
  and 
  

   is 
  recognizable 
  as 
  the 
  Erian. 
  It 
  differs 
  from 
  the 
  older 
  occupation 
  

   in 
  that 
  the 
  burials 
  contain 
  flint 
  and 
  shell 
  objects, 
  pottery 
  of 
  different 
  

   form 
  and 
  decoration. 
  Refuse, 
  that 
  is 
  broken 
  bone 
  implements, 
  pots- 
  

   herds, 
  rejected 
  flints 
  and 
  entire 
  objects, 
  evidently 
  swept 
  in 
  acci- 
  

   dentally, 
  is 
  found 
  in 
  abundance 
  in 
  pits 
  and 
  sunken 
  fireplaces. 
  

  

  The 
  later 
  Erian 
  occupation, 
  the 
  historic, 
  that 
  is 
  to 
  say 
  those 
  sites 
  

   which 
  yield 
  objects 
  of 
  European 
  manufacture, 
  differ 
  noticeably 
  

   from 
  the 
  earlier 
  sites 
  in 
  several 
  respects. 
  The 
  pottery 
  seems 
  to 
  

   have 
  undergone 
  a 
  gradual 
  change 
  until 
  the 
  Eries 
  were 
  destroyed, 
  

   the 
  most 
  varied 
  forms 
  and 
  decorations 
  being 
  of 
  the 
  historic 
  period. 
  

  

  Early 
  in 
  the 
  month 
  of 
  May 
  a 
  preliminary 
  examination 
  was 
  made 
  

   of 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  earthworks 
  in 
  that 
  part 
  of 
  Chautauqua 
  county 
  lying 
  

   south 
  of 
  the 
  Chautauqua 
  range 
  of 
  hills 
  in 
  the 
  Allegheny-Ohio 
  

   watershed. 
  The 
  outlook 
  seemed 
  a 
  promising 
  one, 
  judging 
  from 
  the 
  

   abundance 
  of 
  earthworks 
  visited 
  and 
  reported. 
  The 
  Cassadaga 
  

   valley 
  was 
  of 
  especial 
  interest 
  and 
  a 
  season's 
  campaign 
  of 
  investi- 
  

   gation 
  was 
  planned 
  for 
  this 
  region. 
  Upon 
  the 
  uneven 
  stream-cut 
  

   hills 
  that 
  rise 
  from 
  the 
  ancient 
  lake 
  bottoms 
  were 
  found 
  every- 
  

   where 
  traces 
  of 
  an 
  early 
  people 
  which 
  seemed 
  eminently 
  worthy 
  oi 
  

   study. 
  How 
  numerous 
  are 
  the 
  fort 
  sites 
  may 
  be 
  suggested 
  when 
  

   it 
  is 
  stated 
  that 
  from 
  a 
  hill 
  just 
  over 
  the 
  town 
  line 
  in 
  Charlotte 
  

   are 
  to 
  be 
  seen 
  the 
  sites 
  of 
  seven 
  and 
  possibly 
  eight 
  fort 
  and 
  camp 
  

   sites. 
  

  

  McCullough 
  earth 
  inclosure. 
  One 
  of 
  the 
  sites 
  to 
  which 
  con- 
  

   siderable 
  attention 
  was 
  devoted 
  is 
  situated 
  in 
  a 
  sugarbush 
  on 
  the 
  

   Martin 
  McCullough 
  farm, 
  lot 
  38, 
  Gerry 
  township. 
  Here 
  sur- 
  

  

  