﻿154 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  rectly 
  on 
  settling 
  down 
  from 
  the 
  free 
  larval 
  state, 
  or 
  conjunction 
  

   may 
  be 
  formed 
  by 
  attachment 
  of 
  the 
  annelid 
  larva 
  after 
  the 
  growth 
  

   of 
  the 
  coral 
  has 
  well 
  progressed; 
  in 
  both 
  cases 
  the 
  growth 
  of 
  the 
  

   latter 
  engulfs 
  the 
  former 
  save 
  at 
  its 
  tentacled 
  aperture. 
  

  

  The 
  coral 
  Zaphrentis 
  or 
  Cystiphyllum 
  and 
  the 
  worm 
  Gitonia 
  

  

  corallophila. 
  I 
  give 
  this 
  latter 
  designation 
  to 
  what 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  

   chiefly 
  straight 
  worm 
  tubes 
  found 
  in 
  simple 
  cyathophylloids 
  such 
  

   as 
  those 
  mentioned. 
  The 
  worm 
  has 
  attached 
  itself 
  at 
  any 
  stage 
  of 
  

   the 
  coral 
  growth 
  and 
  quite 
  often 
  its 
  tubes 
  are 
  found 
  projecting 
  in 
  

   considerable 
  number 
  from 
  the 
  calyx 
  of 
  the 
  coral 
  disordering 
  the 
  

   septa 
  by 
  its 
  thickened 
  stereom 
  and 
  taking 
  just 
  the 
  position 
  most 
  

   advantageous 
  to 
  its 
  feeding 
  with 
  the 
  help 
  of 
  the 
  coral's 
  tentacles 
  

   [pi. 
  2, 
  fig. 
  i]. 
  Often 
  these 
  tubes 
  seem 
  to 
  puncture 
  the 
  thecal 
  walls 
  

   of 
  the 
  coral 
  where 
  actually 
  they 
  have 
  become 
  overgrown 
  or 
  left 
  

   behind 
  by 
  the 
  increase 
  of 
  coral 
  substance. 
  It 
  is 
  not 
  usual 
  to 
  find 
  

   both 
  of 
  these 
  conditions 
  in 
  one 
  corallite. 
  Plate 
  2, 
  figure 
  3, 
  shows 
  

   a 
  Zaphrentis 
  with 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  small 
  worm 
  apertures 
  at 
  its 
  base; 
  

   figure 
  2 
  is 
  an 
  enlargement 
  of 
  the 
  thecal 
  wall 
  of 
  Zaphrentis 
  with 
  two 
  

   apertures 
  one 
  of 
  which 
  shows 
  distinctly 
  the 
  wall 
  of 
  the 
  tube 
  ; 
  figure 
  4 
  

   is 
  a 
  Cystiphyllum 
  with 
  apparently 
  short-lived 
  worm 
  tubes 
  established 
  

   at 
  different 
  growth 
  stages 
  of 
  the 
  coral. 
  In 
  figures 
  5, 
  6 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  

   plate 
  are 
  two 
  views 
  of 
  a 
  tube 
  both 
  ends 
  of 
  which 
  seem 
  to 
  open 
  into 
  

   the 
  calyx 
  of 
  a 
  small 
  Zaphrentis. 
  If 
  I 
  interpret 
  the 
  growth 
  of 
  this 
  

   worm 
  correctly 
  it 
  started 
  almost 
  concurrently 
  with 
  the 
  coral 
  and 
  

   like 
  the 
  worm 
  on 
  Pleurodictyum 
  kept 
  both 
  ends 
  up. 
  It 
  will 
  be 
  seen 
  

   by 
  examination 
  of 
  these 
  figures 
  that 
  the 
  course 
  of 
  the 
  worm 
  tube 
  is 
  

   singularly 
  erratic; 
  both 
  branches 
  have 
  kept 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  margin 
  of 
  

   the 
  calyx, 
  one 
  has 
  come 
  pretty 
  straight 
  up, 
  while 
  the 
  other 
  in 
  its 
  

   late 
  stages 
  made 
  almost 
  a 
  half 
  circuit 
  of 
  the 
  calyx. 
  

  

  All 
  the 
  examples 
  above 
  cited 
  are 
  from 
  the 
  Onondaga 
  limestone 
  of 
  

   the 
  Lower 
  Devonic. 
  

  

  The 
  corals 
  Monticulipora 
  and 
  Stromatopora 
  and 
  the 
  worm 
  

   Gitonia 
  sipho. 
  These 
  compact, 
  stony, 
  massive 
  structures 
  covered 
  

   with 
  thousands 
  of 
  arms 
  reaching 
  out 
  for 
  new 
  supplies 
  of 
  

   nourishment, 
  seem 
  to 
  have 
  especially 
  invited 
  the 
  settlement 
  of 
  

   straight 
  tubed 
  worms 
  which, 
  for 
  convenience, 
  are 
  designated 
  as 
  

   Gitonia 
  sipho. 
  

  

  A 
  very 
  striking 
  example 
  is 
  that 
  illustrated 
  in. 
  plate 
  1, 
  figure 
  4, 
  

   where 
  the 
  coral 
  has 
  overgrown 
  the 
  face 
  and 
  eyes 
  of 
  a 
  moulted 
  head 
  

   shield 
  of 
  the 
  trilobite 
  Dalmanites 
  and 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  worms 
  has 
  started 
  

  

  