﻿194 
  

  

  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  PLATE 
  12 
  

  

  Clionolithes 
  palmatus. 
  A 
  valve 
  of 
  the 
  pelecypod 
  

   Loxopteria 
  dispar 
  Sandberger, 
  from 
  the 
  Portage 
  

   beds 
  (Upper 
  Devonic) 
  of 
  Correll's 
  point, 
  N. 
  Y. 
  in 
  the 
  

   substance 
  of 
  which 
  this 
  cluster 
  of 
  frond-shaped 
  cavities 
  

   lies, 
  x 
  2 
  

  

  The 
  same. 
  A 
  somewhat 
  more 
  diffuse 
  cluster 
  in 
  the 
  shell 
  

   substance 
  of 
  Loxonema 
  danai 
  Clarke 
  from 
  the 
  

   same 
  formation 
  and 
  locality, 
  x 
  5 
  

  

  Caulostrepsis 
  taeniola. 
  Stropheodonta 
  

   cf 
  . 
  g 
  i 
  g 
  a 
  s 
  McCoy 
  from 
  the 
  Seigener 
  schichten 
  (Coblent- 
  

   zian) 
  of 
  Seifen. 
  The 
  margin 
  of 
  the 
  brachiopod 
  has 
  been 
  

   entered 
  on 
  all 
  sides 
  simultaneously 
  by 
  these 
  borers 
  form- 
  

   ing 
  loop-shaped 
  tubes 
  which 
  are 
  joined 
  by 
  a 
  thin 
  median 
  

   cavity. 
  Together 
  with 
  these 
  are 
  simple 
  tube 
  casts 
  of 
  

   Clionolithes 
  priscus. 
  I 
  owe 
  this 
  specimen 
  to 
  

   the 
  kindness 
  of 
  Prof. 
  E. 
  Kayser. 
  

  

  The 
  same 
  on 
  Stropheodonta 
  protaeniolata 
  

   Maurer, 
  same 
  locality 
  [after 
  Maurer] 
  

  

  7 
  Large 
  circular 
  perforations 
  in 
  the 
  valves 
  of 
  brachiopods, 
  

   probably 
  made 
  by 
  the 
  radula 
  of 
  predatory 
  gastropods. 
  

   In 
  figure 
  5 
  the 
  brachiopod 
  is 
  Spirifer 
  medialis 
  

   Hall 
  from 
  the 
  Hamilton 
  shales 
  of 
  New 
  York; 
  figure 
  6, 
  

   Meristella 
  from 
  the 
  Oriskany 
  limestone 
  of 
  Glenerie, 
  N. 
  Y. 
  ; 
  

   and 
  figure 
  7 
  a 
  small 
  Spirifer 
  granulosus 
  Conrad 
  

   from 
  the 
  Hamilton 
  rocks. 
  In 
  5 
  and 
  7 
  the 
  hole 
  is 
  on 
  the 
  

   dorsal 
  valve 
  and 
  has 
  precisely 
  the 
  same 
  position 
  with 
  

   reference 
  to 
  the 
  shell 
  and 
  the 
  animal 
  within 
  which 
  the 
  

   gastropod 
  was 
  doubtless 
  seeking. 
  The 
  hole, 
  figure 
  6, 
  has 
  

   the 
  same 
  position 
  on 
  the 
  ventral 
  valve 
  of 
  Meristella. 
  It 
  

   is 
  interesting 
  to 
  observe 
  that 
  the 
  Spirifer 
  in 
  figure 
  5 
  and 
  

   the 
  Meristella 
  in 
  figure 
  6 
  succeeded 
  in 
  forestalling 
  the 
  

   purposes 
  of 
  the 
  enemy 
  by 
  secreting 
  a 
  false 
  floor 
  beneath 
  

   the 
  hole 
  after 
  it 
  had 
  perforated 
  the 
  shell. 
  Spirifer, 
  figure 
  

   7 
  may 
  have 
  fallen 
  a 
  victim 
  to 
  the 
  attack 
  as 
  the 
  hole 
  is 
  

   not 
  sealed. 
  These 
  are 
  instructive 
  illustrations 
  of 
  the^ 
  early 
  

   acquisition 
  of 
  this 
  perforating 
  mode 
  of 
  attack 
  by 
  the 
  

   gastropods. 
  

  

  