﻿IOO 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  Production 
  of 
  Arnold 
  hill 
  mines. 
  In 
  round 
  figures 
  the 
  output 
  

   of 
  the 
  mines 
  on 
  Arnold 
  hill 
  may 
  be 
  placed 
  at 
  600,000 
  tons. 
  Up 
  

   to 
  1864 
  there 
  had 
  been 
  taken 
  out 
  about 
  150,000 
  tons 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  

   estimated 
  that 
  400,000 
  tons 
  were 
  mined 
  in 
  subsequent 
  opera- 
  

   tions 
  previous 
  to 
  the 
  reopening 
  of 
  the 
  property 
  by 
  the 
  Arnold 
  

   Mining 
  Co. 
  

  

  Palmer 
  hill 
  mines 
  

  

  These 
  mines 
  form 
  a 
  single 
  group. 
  They 
  are 
  situated 
  on 
  an 
  ore 
  

   body 
  which 
  traverses 
  the 
  hill 
  just 
  below 
  the 
  summit 
  in 
  a 
  north- 
  

   east-southwest 
  direction 
  and 
  has 
  been 
  explored 
  for 
  nearly 
  half 
  a 
  

   mile 
  on 
  the 
  outcrop. 
  The 
  strike 
  brings 
  them 
  nearly 
  in 
  line 
  with 
  

   the 
  Jackson 
  hill 
  deposits, 
  a 
  mile 
  distant 
  to 
  the 
  northeast. 
  The 
  

   several 
  pits 
  that 
  have 
  been 
  used 
  for 
  ore 
  extraction 
  in. 
  years 
  past 
  

   include 
  the 
  Elliot 
  and 
  White 
  Flint 
  on 
  the 
  western 
  side, 
  the 
  Big, 
  

   Summit 
  and 
  Lundrigan 
  pits 
  in 
  the 
  central 
  portion 
  and 
  the 
  Little 
  

   pit 
  and 
  Lot 
  29 
  on 
  the 
  east. 
  

  

  The 
  period 
  of 
  active 
  operations 
  began 
  about 
  1825 
  and 
  lasted 
  

   till 
  1890. 
  The 
  property 
  was 
  held 
  as 
  an 
  undivided 
  interest 
  by 
  the 
  

   J. 
  & 
  J. 
  Rogers 
  Co., 
  and 
  the 
  Peru 
  Steel 
  & 
  Iron 
  Co., 
  who 
  converted 
  

   the 
  ore 
  into 
  charcoal 
  blooms 
  at 
  their 
  forges 
  at 
  Ausable 
  Forks, 
  

   Black 
  Brook, 
  Jay 
  and 
  Clint 
  onville. 
  It 
  is 
  worthy 
  of 
  note 
  that 
  a 
  

   separator 
  in 
  which 
  magnets 
  were 
  employed 
  for 
  removing 
  the 
  mag- 
  

   netite 
  in 
  the 
  crude 
  ore 
  was 
  erected 
  on 
  Palmer 
  hill 
  in 
  1836, 
  one 
  of 
  

   the 
  first 
  experiments 
  with 
  this 
  process 
  that 
  has 
  been 
  recorded. 
  

   Evidently 
  the 
  attempt 
  was 
  not 
  wholly 
  successful, 
  as 
  the 
  process 
  

   was 
  later 
  superseded 
  by 
  gravity 
  methods. 
  

  

  Geology. 
  The 
  ore 
  body 
  consists 
  of 
  a 
  band 
  or 
  zone 
  impregnated 
  

   with 
  magnetite. 
  It 
  is 
  on 
  the 
  whole 
  leaner 
  than 
  the 
  Arnold 
  hill 
  

   deposits 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  mingling 
  of 
  the 
  magnetite 
  with 
  the 
  minerals 
  

   of 
  the 
  adjacent 
  walls. 
  The 
  latter 
  are 
  also 
  not 
  so 
  sharply 
  defined. 
  

   The 
  magnetite 
  is 
  distributed 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  evenly 
  throughout 
  the 
  

   mass, 
  or 
  gathered 
  into 
  bodies 
  that 
  are 
  relatively 
  rich. 
  In 
  mining 
  

   the 
  higher 
  grade 
  ore 
  was 
  specially 
  sought 
  for 
  and 
  was 
  followed 
  in 
  

   preference 
  to 
  the 
  excavation 
  of 
  the 
  whole 
  deposit. 
  

  

  The 
  rock 
  on 
  Palmer 
  hill 
  derives 
  special 
  interest 
  from 
  a 
  petro- 
  

   graphic 
  standpoint 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  fluorite. 
  This 
  

   mineral 
  is 
  seemingly 
  an 
  original 
  constituent. 
  It 
  forms 
  irregular 
  

   grains 
  of 
  about 
  equal 
  size 
  with 
  the 
  feldspar 
  and 
  quartz 
  and 
  inter- 
  

   crystallized 
  with 
  them. 
  Where 
  most 
  abundant 
  it 
  constitutes 
  from 
  

   25 
  to 
  50 
  per 
  cent 
  of 
  the 
  rock. 
  It 
  is 
  particularly 
  in 
  evidence 
  in 
  the 
  

   walls 
  of 
  the 
  Big 
  pit 
  and 
  in 
  a 
  belt 
  which 
  can 
  be 
  traced 
  north 
  from 
  

  

  