﻿THE 
  MINING 
  AND 
  QUARRY 
  INDUSTRY 
  I907 
  3 
  1 
  

  

  found 
  in 
  the 
  graphite 
  rock. 
  Owing 
  to 
  their 
  scaly 
  habit 
  and 
  dis- 
  

   seminated 
  distribution 
  they 
  are 
  somewhat 
  difficult 
  to 
  distinguish 
  

   from 
  the 
  graphite 
  flakes 
  in 
  hand 
  specimen, 
  though 
  under 
  the 
  

   microscope 
  they 
  are 
  readily 
  revealed 
  by 
  their 
  transparency. 
  A 
  

   considerable 
  percentage 
  of 
  mica 
  will 
  be 
  discovered 
  oftentimes 
  

   in 
  this 
  way 
  when 
  microscopic 
  examination 
  fails 
  to 
  reveal 
  its 
  

   presence. 
  

  

  The 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  graphite 
  flakes 
  is 
  another 
  feature 
  that 
  must 
  

   be 
  taken 
  into 
  consideration. 
  A 
  rock 
  carrying 
  a 
  coarse 
  crystal, 
  

   other 
  things 
  being 
  equal, 
  is 
  the 
  more 
  desirable, 
  since 
  the 
  econ- 
  

   omy 
  and 
  perfection 
  of 
  the 
  separation 
  process 
  increase 
  in 
  direct 
  

   relation 
  to 
  the 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  graphite. 
  The 
  coarse 
  sizes 
  also 
  com- 
  

   mand 
  higher 
  prices 
  in 
  the 
  market 
  than 
  the 
  fine 
  flake, 
  under 
  equal 
  

   conditions 
  of 
  purity. 
  

  

  There 
  is 
  considerable 
  variation 
  in 
  the 
  crystallization 
  of 
  the 
  

   graphite 
  depending 
  upon 
  the 
  character 
  of 
  the 
  gangue. 
  The 
  

   schists 
  and 
  quartzites 
  of 
  the 
  Adirondacks 
  represent 
  ancient 
  sedi- 
  

   ments 
  of 
  the 
  nature 
  of 
  sandstones 
  and 
  sandy 
  shales 
  which 
  have 
  

   been 
  transformed 
  under 
  the 
  influences 
  of 
  heat 
  and 
  pressure 
  

   while 
  they 
  were 
  deeply 
  buried 
  in 
  the 
  earth. 
  The 
  graphite 
  is 
  

   traceable 
  to 
  the 
  carbonaceous 
  constituents 
  of 
  plants 
  or 
  animals 
  

   included 
  in 
  the 
  sediments 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  their 
  deposition, 
  and 
  

   its 
  formation 
  which 
  involves 
  a 
  distillation 
  of 
  the 
  organic 
  com- 
  

   pounds 
  with 
  loss 
  of 
  the 
  volatile 
  parts 
  was 
  an 
  accompaniment 
  

   of 
  the 
  general 
  metamorphism. 
  It 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  expected 
  that 
  the 
  

   graphite 
  would 
  show 
  a 
  more 
  perfect 
  crystal 
  development 
  in 
  

   rocks 
  that 
  have 
  been 
  profoundly 
  changed, 
  and 
  this 
  is, 
  in 
  fact, 
  

   the 
  case. 
  The 
  schists 
  of 
  the 
  eastern 
  and 
  interior 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  

   Adirondacks 
  carry 
  a 
  much 
  coarser 
  flake 
  than 
  the 
  rocks 
  on 
  the 
  

   western 
  side 
  which 
  have 
  been 
  less 
  metamorphosed. 
  In 
  the 
  

   deposits 
  of 
  St 
  Lawrence 
  county, 
  on 
  the 
  west, 
  the 
  flake 
  is 
  very 
  

   fine, 
  at 
  times 
  showing 
  an 
  approach 
  to 
  amorphous 
  graphite. 
  This 
  

   is, 
  of 
  course, 
  only 
  true 
  with 
  respect 
  to 
  the 
  deposits 
  of 
  organic 
  

   nature 
  in 
  the 
  sedimentary 
  rocks. 
  The 
  graphite 
  found 
  in 
  veins 
  

   and 
  dikes 
  is 
  quite 
  uniform 
  throughout 
  the 
  whole 
  region, 
  but 
  

   such 
  occurrences 
  have 
  little 
  importance 
  from 
  an 
  industrial 
  

   standpoint. 
  

  

  GYPSUM 
  

  

  The 
  production 
  of 
  gypsum 
  is 
  made 
  in 
  the 
  central 
  and 
  western 
  

  

  parts 
  of 
  the 
  State, 
  in 
  Madison, 
  Onondaga, 
  Cayuga, 
  Monroe, 
  

  

  Genesee 
  and 
  Erie 
  counties. 
  The 
  gypsum 
  is 
  associated 
  with 
  the 
  

  

  Salina 
  formation 
  which 
  carries 
  the 
  rock 
  salt 
  beds 
  and 
  is 
  quarried 
  

  

  