﻿THE 
  MINING 
  AND 
  QUARRY 
  INDUSTRY 
  1907- 
  39 
  

  

  border. 
  The 
  Cocalico 
  stone 
  obtained 
  in 
  Lancaster 
  county, 
  Pa., 
  

   and 
  the 
  Brush 
  mountain 
  stone, 
  found 
  in 
  Montgomery 
  co., 
  Va., 
  

   are 
  of 
  similar 
  character. 
  In 
  Ulster 
  county 
  the 
  grit 
  rests 
  in 
  un- 
  

   conformable 
  position 
  upon 
  Hudson 
  River 
  shales 
  and 
  is 
  overlain 
  

   in 
  places 
  by 
  a 
  red 
  shale. 
  It 
  has 
  generally 
  been 
  correlated 
  with 
  

   the 
  Oneida 
  conglomerate 
  of 
  central 
  New 
  York 
  to 
  which 
  it 
  has 
  

   some 
  physical 
  resemblance, 
  but 
  recent 
  investigations 
  have 
  shown 
  

   quite 
  conclusively 
  that 
  it 
  belongs 
  higher 
  up 
  in 
  the 
  stratigraphic 
  

   series 
  in 
  the 
  horizon 
  of 
  the 
  Salina. 
  Its 
  thickness 
  in 
  Ulster 
  

   county 
  ranges 
  from 
  50 
  to 
  200 
  feet. 
  

  

  The 
  grit 
  is 
  composed 
  of 
  quartz 
  pebbles 
  of 
  milky 
  color 
  sur- 
  

   rounded 
  by 
  a 
  silicious 
  matrix. 
  The 
  pebbles 
  are 
  of 
  subangular 
  

   form 
  and 
  vary 
  from 
  a 
  fraction 
  of 
  an 
  inch 
  to 
  2 
  inches 
  in 
  diameter. 
  

   The 
  texture 
  is 
  an 
  important 
  factor 
  in 
  determining 
  the 
  value 
  and 
  

   particular 
  use 
  of 
  the, 
  finished 
  millstones. 
  

  

  The 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  stones 
  marketed 
  ranges 
  from 
  15 
  to 
  90 
  inches. 
  

   The 
  greater 
  demand 
  is 
  for 
  the 
  smaller 
  and 
  medium 
  sizes, 
  with 
  

   diameters 
  of 
  24, 
  30, 
  36, 
  42 
  and 
  48 
  inches. 
  A 
  pair 
  of 
  30-inch 
  mill- 
  

   stones 
  commonly 
  sells 
  for 
  $15, 
  while 
  $50 
  may 
  be 
  paid 
  for 
  a 
  single 
  

   stone 
  60 
  inches 
  in 
  diameter. 
  The 
  largest 
  sizes 
  bring 
  from 
  $50 
  

   to 
  $100. 
  Besides 
  the 
  common 
  type 
  of 
  millstones, 
  disks 
  are 
  fur- 
  

   nished 
  which 
  are 
  employed 
  in 
  a 
  roll 
  type 
  of 
  crusher 
  known 
  as 
  a 
  

   chaser. 
  The 
  pavement 
  of 
  such 
  crushers 
  is 
  also 
  supplied 
  by 
  the 
  

   quarrymen, 
  in 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  blocks. 
  Quartz, 
  feldspar 
  and 
  barytes 
  

   are 
  commonly 
  ground 
  in 
  chasers. 
  

  

  Most 
  of 
  the 
  Ulster 
  county 
  quarries 
  are 
  situated 
  along 
  the 
  

   northern 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  Shawangunk 
  mountain. 
  Kyserike, 
  St 
  

   Josen, 
  Granite 
  and 
  Kerhonkson 
  are 
  the 
  principal 
  centers 
  of 
  the 
  

   industry 
  while 
  the 
  distributing 
  points 
  include 
  New 
  Paltz 
  and 
  

   Kingston 
  in 
  addition 
  to 
  those 
  named. 
  The 
  industry 
  is 
  carried 
  

   on 
  intermittently, 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  producers 
  engaging 
  in 
  other 
  occu- 
  

   pations 
  during 
  a 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  year. 
  

  

  The 
  market 
  for 
  millstones 
  has 
  been 
  curtailed 
  of 
  late 
  years 
  by 
  

   the 
  introduction 
  of 
  rolls, 
  ball 
  mills 
  and 
  other 
  improved 
  forms 
  of 
  

   grinding 
  machinery. 
  The 
  roller 
  mill 
  process 
  has 
  displaced 
  the 
  

   old 
  type 
  of 
  cereal 
  mills, 
  particularly 
  in 
  grinding 
  wheat. 
  The 
  

   small 
  corn 
  mills 
  distributed 
  throughout 
  the 
  southern 
  states, 
  how- 
  

   ever, 
  still 
  use 
  millstones 
  and 
  furnish 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  important 
  markets 
  

   for 
  the 
  New 
  York 
  quarries. 
  A 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  product 
  is 
  sold 
  also 
  

   to 
  cement 
  and 
  talc 
  manufacturers. 
  

  

  Besides 
  the 
  uses 
  that 
  have 
  been 
  enumerated, 
  it 
  would 
  seem 
  

  

  