﻿42 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  Among 
  the 
  spring 
  waters 
  that 
  contain 
  mineral 
  ingredients 
  in 
  

   appreciable 
  quantity, 
  those 
  characterized 
  by 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  

   alkalis 
  and 
  alkaline 
  earths 
  are 
  the 
  most 
  abundant 
  in 
  this 
  State. 
  

   The 
  dissolved 
  bases 
  may 
  exist 
  in 
  association 
  with 
  chlorin 
  and 
  

   carbon 
  dioxid, 
  as 
  is 
  the 
  case 
  with 
  the 
  springs 
  of 
  Saratoga 
  county, 
  

   or 
  they 
  may 
  be 
  associated 
  chiefly 
  with 
  sulfuric 
  acid 
  as 
  illustrated 
  

   by 
  the 
  Sharon 
  and 
  Clifton 
  Springs. 
  

  

  The 
  mineral 
  waters 
  of 
  Saratoga 
  Springs 
  and 
  Ballston 
  are 
  found 
  

   along 
  fractured 
  zones 
  in 
  Lower 
  Siluric 
  strata, 
  the 
  reservoirs 
  oo 
  

   curing 
  usually 
  in 
  the 
  Trenton 
  limestone. 
  They 
  are 
  accompanied 
  

   by 
  free 
  carbon 
  dioxid, 
  which 
  together 
  with 
  chlorin, 
  sodium, 
  

   potassium, 
  calcium 
  and 
  magnesium 
  exists 
  also 
  in 
  dissolved 
  con- 
  

   dition. 
  The 
  amount 
  of 
  solid 
  constituents 
  in 
  the 
  different 
  waters 
  

   varies 
  from 
  less 
  than 
  ioo 
  to 
  over 
  500 
  grains 
  per 
  gallon. 
  Large 
  

   quantities 
  of 
  table 
  and 
  medicinal 
  waters 
  are 
  bottled 
  at 
  the 
  springs 
  

   for 
  shipment 
  to 
  all 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  country. 
  The 
  carbon 
  dioxid 
  

   which 
  issues 
  from 
  the 
  wells 
  at 
  Saratoga 
  is 
  likewise 
  an 
  important 
  

   article 
  of 
  commerce. 
  

  

  The 
  waters 
  at 
  Richfield 
  Springs 
  contain 
  the 
  elements 
  of 
  the 
  

   alkali 
  and 
  alkaline 
  earth 
  groups 
  together 
  with 
  sulfuric 
  acid 
  and 
  

   smaller 
  amounts 
  of 
  chlorin, 
  carbon 
  dioxid 
  and 
  sulfureted 
  

   hydrogen. 
  They 
  are 
  employed 
  for 
  medicinal 
  baths 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  

   for 
  drinking 
  purposes. 
  The 
  springs 
  issue 
  along 
  the 
  contact 
  of 
  

   Siluric 
  limestone 
  and 
  Devonic 
  shales. 
  Sharon 
  Springs 
  is 
  situated 
  

   to 
  the 
  east 
  of 
  Richfield 
  Springs 
  and 
  near 
  the 
  contact 
  of 
  the 
  

   Lower 
  and 
  Upper 
  Siluric. 
  Clifton 
  Springs, 
  Ontario 
  co., 
  and 
  

   Massena 
  Springs, 
  St 
  Lawrence 
  co., 
  are 
  among 
  the 
  localities 
  

   where 
  sulfureted 
  waters 
  occur 
  and 
  are 
  utilized. 
  

  

  The 
  Oak 
  Orchard 
  springs 
  in 
  the 
  town 
  of 
  Byron, 
  Genesee 
  co., 
  

   are 
  noteworthy 
  for 
  their 
  acid 
  waters 
  which 
  contain 
  a 
  consider- 
  

   able 
  proportion 
  of 
  aluminum, 
  iron 
  calcium 
  and 
  magnesium, 
  be- 
  

   sides 
  free 
  sulfuric 
  acid. 
  

  

  The 
  Lebanon 
  spring, 
  Columbia 
  co., 
  is 
  the 
  single 
  representative 
  

   in 
  the 
  State 
  of 
  the 
  class 
  of 
  thermal 
  springs. 
  It 
  has 
  a 
  tempera- 
  

   ture 
  of 
  75 
  F. 
  and 
  is 
  slightly 
  charged 
  with 
  carbon 
  dioxid 
  and 
  

   nitrogen. 
  

  

  A 
  branch 
  of 
  the 
  industry 
  that 
  has 
  recently 
  assumed 
  consider- 
  

   able 
  importance 
  in 
  New 
  York 
  State 
  is 
  the 
  sale 
  of 
  spring 
  waters 
  

   which 
  can 
  not 
  be 
  classed 
  as 
  mineral 
  in 
  the 
  usual 
  sense 
  of 
  the 
  

   term, 
  but 
  find 
  wide 
  use 
  as 
  potable 
  waters 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  their 
  

   freedom 
  from 
  harmful 
  impureties. 
  Such 
  waters 
  are 
  usually 
  ship- 
  

  

  