﻿IRON 
  ORES 
  OF 
  THE 
  CLINTON 
  FORMATION 
  ' 
  I 
  i) 
  

  

  fortuity 
  from 
  place 
  to 
  place. 
  Frequent 
  changes 
  in 
  lithic 
  character, 
  

   thickness 
  and 
  faunal 
  contents 
  are 
  observable 
  throughout 
  their 
  ex- 
  

   tent 
  in 
  New 
  York 
  State. 
  

  

  In 
  Niagara 
  county, 
  on 
  the 
  western 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  belt, 
  limestone 
  with 
  

   a 
  smaller 
  amount 
  of 
  shale 
  constitutes 
  the 
  entire 
  formation. 
  Passing 
  

   through 
  Orleans 
  into 
  Monroe 
  county 
  where 
  the 
  beds 
  are 
  again 
  well 
  

   exposed, 
  it 
  is 
  found 
  that 
  the 
  shale 
  predominates 
  over 
  the 
  limestone, 
  

   a 
  relation 
  which 
  holds 
  true 
  in 
  a 
  general 
  way 
  throughout 
  the 
  re- 
  

   mainder 
  of 
  the 
  distance 
  to 
  Herkimer 
  county. 
  In 
  Monroe 
  county 
  

   the 
  first 
  hematite 
  seam 
  is 
  encountered 
  in 
  outcrop, 
  though 
  it 
  prob- 
  

   ably 
  begins 
  farther 
  west. 
  In 
  Wayne 
  and 
  Cayuga 
  counties 
  there 
  are 
  

   important 
  changes 
  with 
  respect 
  to 
  the 
  relative 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  

   shales 
  above 
  and 
  below 
  the 
  lower 
  or 
  main 
  ore 
  bed, 
  while 
  a 
  second 
  

   hematite 
  stratum 
  accompanied 
  by 
  limestone 
  makes 
  its 
  appearance. 
  

   Duplication 
  of 
  the 
  ore 
  seam 
  is 
  a 
  common 
  feature 
  from 
  here 
  to 
  

   Oneida 
  county. 
  Within 
  the 
  interval 
  included 
  by 
  Oswego, 
  Onondaga 
  

   and 
  Madison 
  counties 
  the 
  shales 
  attain 
  even 
  greater 
  relative 
  strength, 
  

   compared 
  with 
  the 
  limestone. 
  Throughout 
  the 
  middle 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  

   belt, 
  from 
  Wayne 
  to 
  Madison 
  counties, 
  the 
  lower 
  ore 
  bed 
  lies 
  but 
  a 
  

   few 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  Medina 
  formation. 
  In 
  Oneida 
  county, 
  how- 
  

   ever, 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  very 
  appreciable 
  thickening 
  of 
  the 
  basal 
  green 
  shale 
  

   which 
  causes 
  the 
  ore 
  to 
  lie 
  from 
  40 
  to 
  100 
  feet 
  over 
  the 
  Medina. 
  

   Toward 
  eastern 
  Oneida 
  county, 
  the 
  shale 
  becomes 
  quartzose, 
  grad- 
  

   ing 
  into 
  thinly 
  bedded 
  sandstone 
  with 
  shaly 
  layers. 
  

  

  From 
  Oneida 
  county 
  the 
  stratigraphic 
  bounds 
  of 
  the 
  formation 
  are 
  

   somewhat 
  indefinite. 
  It 
  is 
  particularly 
  difficult 
  to 
  establish 
  the 
  upper 
  

   limits, 
  since 
  the 
  extent 
  of 
  the 
  Rochester 
  beds 
  above 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  

   definitely 
  ascertained. 
  Recent 
  paleontological 
  investigations 
  around 
  

   Clinton 
  and 
  east 
  of 
  there 
  seem 
  to 
  indicate 
  that 
  the 
  sandstone 
  and 
  

   shale 
  beds 
  heretofore 
  regarded 
  as 
  upper 
  Clinton 
  may 
  belong 
  to 
  the 
  

   Rochester. 
  The 
  strata 
  in 
  Herkimer 
  county 
  are 
  closely 
  involved 
  at 
  

   the 
  base 
  with 
  the 
  Oneida 
  conglomerate 
  and 
  the 
  exact 
  line 
  of 
  demar- 
  

   cation 
  between 
  them 
  has 
  not, 
  as 
  yet, 
  been 
  satisfactorily 
  determined. 
  

  

  The 
  stratigraphic 
  succession 
  along 
  the 
  belt 
  will 
  be 
  shown 
  more 
  

   in 
  detail 
  by 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  sections 
  that 
  have 
  been 
  prepared 
  from 
  

   exposures 
  and 
  records 
  of 
  drill 
  borings. 
  The 
  sections 
  are 
  given 
  in 
  

   order 
  from 
  west 
  to 
  east. 
  Attention 
  may 
  be 
  called 
  here 
  to 
  the 
  

   records 
  of 
  the 
  test 
  holes 
  recently 
  put 
  down 
  in 
  the 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  belt 
  

   from 
  Wayne 
  to 
  Oneida 
  county 
  given 
  in 
  detail 
  in 
  the 
  chapter 
  relat- 
  

   ing 
  to 
  exploration. 
  

  

  