﻿46 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  hematite 
  is 
  arranged 
  in 
  concentric 
  layers. 
  In 
  each 
  ore 
  particle 
  

   may 
  be 
  recognized 
  often 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  such 
  layers. 
  Their 
  deposi- 
  

   tion 
  has 
  taken 
  place 
  at 
  successive 
  intervals 
  while 
  the 
  grains 
  were 
  

   moved 
  about 
  and 
  in 
  complete 
  contact 
  with 
  the 
  iron-bearing 
  solu- 
  

   tions. 
  The 
  formation 
  of 
  oolitic 
  limestone 
  illustrates 
  the 
  general 
  

   conditions 
  that 
  must 
  have 
  prevailed 
  during 
  the 
  "deposition 
  of 
  the 
  

   ore. 
  The 
  second 
  type 
  of 
  structure 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  Clinton 
  ores 
  is 
  

   distinguished 
  by 
  the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  the 
  hematite 
  with 
  an 
  organic 
  

   form, 
  due 
  to 
  its 
  replacement 
  of 
  some 
  calcareous 
  fossil 
  such 
  as 
  a 
  

   bryozoan, 
  crinoid 
  or 
  brachiopod. 
  The 
  fossils 
  may 
  be 
  wholly 
  re- 
  

   placed, 
  but 
  more 
  commonly 
  a 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  original 
  lime 
  is 
  retained 
  

   in 
  the 
  interiors, 
  and 
  in 
  some 
  cases 
  the 
  change 
  has 
  not 
  progressed 
  

   beyond 
  the 
  outer 
  surfaces, 
  so 
  that 
  practically 
  all 
  steps 
  between 
  fos- 
  

   siliferous 
  limestone 
  and 
  ore 
  may 
  be 
  observed. 
  

  

  The 
  two 
  structures 
  — 
  fossiliferous 
  and 
  oolitic 
  — 
  are 
  not 
  infre- 
  

   quently 
  found 
  together, 
  though 
  in 
  most 
  samples 
  from 
  the 
  New 
  York 
  

   beds 
  one 
  type 
  so 
  prevails 
  as 
  to 
  lend 
  a 
  fairly 
  uniform 
  appearance 
  to 
  

   the 
  ore. 
  The 
  oolitic 
  structure 
  is 
  more 
  limited 
  in 
  its 
  development 
  

   than 
  the 
  other. 
  It 
  characterizes 
  the 
  main 
  bed 
  in 
  the 
  eastern 
  section, 
  

   notably 
  around 
  Clinton 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  towns 
  of 
  New 
  Hartford 
  and 
  

   Westmoreland, 
  and 
  is 
  found 
  farther 
  west 
  in 
  the 
  ore 
  at 
  Brewerton 
  

   and 
  Lakeport. 
  The 
  fossiliferous 
  ore 
  appears 
  at 
  Clinton 
  in 
  the 
  so 
  

   called 
  flux 
  bed, 
  and 
  forms 
  the 
  single 
  deposit 
  in 
  the 
  town 
  of 
  Verona, 
  

   Oneida 
  co. 
  The 
  ore 
  mined 
  at 
  Sterling 
  Station, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  entire 
  

   section 
  throughout 
  Cayuga 
  and 
  Wayne 
  counties, 
  belongs 
  to 
  that 
  

   type. 
  

  

  A 
  curious 
  feature 
  of 
  the 
  oolitic 
  grains, 
  that 
  has 
  been 
  brought 
  out 
  

   by 
  C. 
  H. 
  Smyth 
  jr, 
  in 
  his 
  studies 
  1 
  of 
  the 
  Clinton 
  ores, 
  is 
  the 
  presence 
  

   of 
  amorphous 
  silica 
  in 
  intimate 
  association 
  with 
  the 
  hematite. 
  

   Though 
  the 
  silica 
  layers 
  are 
  scarcely 
  discernible 
  in 
  ordinary 
  thin 
  

   sections, 
  they 
  are 
  easily 
  revealed 
  by 
  subjecting 
  the 
  grains 
  to 
  the 
  

   action 
  of 
  hydrochloric 
  acid. 
  When 
  the 
  hematite 
  has 
  thus 
  been 
  

   removed 
  in 
  solution, 
  there 
  remains 
  a 
  perfect 
  cast 
  of 
  the 
  original 
  

   oolite 
  preserved 
  by 
  the 
  gelatinous, 
  transparent 
  silica. 
  Apparently, 
  

   the 
  deposition 
  of 
  the 
  silica 
  took 
  place 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  and 
  from 
  the 
  

   same 
  solution 
  as 
  the 
  iron. 
  

  

  The 
  individual 
  spherules 
  are 
  usually 
  closely 
  compacted 
  and 
  often 
  

   coalescent 
  on 
  the 
  borders. 
  They 
  are 
  seldom 
  more 
  than 
  i 
  millimeter 
  

   in 
  diameter. 
  The 
  quartz 
  kernels 
  in 
  their 
  interiors 
  are 
  scarcely 
  half 
  

   that 
  size 
  as 
  an 
  extreme 
  and 
  range 
  down 
  to 
  particles 
  so 
  minute 
  that 
  

  

  1 
  Am. 
  Jour. 
  Sci. 
  1892. 
  143: 
  488. 
  Also 
  Zeits. 
  fur 
  prak. 
  Geol. 
  Aug. 
  1894. 
  

  

  