﻿IRON 
  ORES 
  OF 
  THE 
  CLINTON 
  FORMATION 
  53 
  

  

  The 
  deposition 
  of 
  the 
  iron 
  partly 
  in 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  carbonate 
  is 
  

   indicated 
  by 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  fossil 
  ores 
  quite 
  commonly 
  show 
  

   a 
  small 
  percentage 
  of 
  this 
  mineral. 
  It 
  is 
  probable, 
  however, 
  that 
  

   the 
  iron 
  was 
  mostly 
  precipitated 
  as 
  the 
  hydrated 
  oxid. 
  The 
  

   change 
  from 
  limonite 
  to 
  hematite 
  took 
  place 
  subsequent 
  to 
  the 
  

   upraising 
  of 
  the 
  beds 
  under 
  the 
  influence 
  of 
  pressure 
  from 
  the 
  

   overlying 
  strata. 
  

  

  The 
  New 
  York 
  Clinton 
  beds, 
  in 
  common 
  with 
  those 
  of 
  Ohio, 
  

   Ontario 
  and 
  Wisconsin, 
  were 
  deposited 
  along 
  the 
  northern 
  

   margin 
  of 
  the 
  interior 
  Mississippian 
  sea, 
  and 
  the 
  ferruginous 
  

   materials 
  must 
  have 
  been 
  derived 
  largely 
  from 
  the 
  wash 
  of 
  the 
  

   Precambric 
  land 
  mass 
  on 
  the 
  north 
  and 
  northeast. 
  The 
  New 
  

   York 
  section 
  has 
  its 
  maximum 
  development 
  in 
  the 
  stretch 
  from 
  

   Clinton 
  to 
  the 
  west 
  end 
  of 
  Oneida 
  lake 
  where 
  there 
  was 
  ap- 
  

   parently 
  an 
  embayment 
  curving 
  around 
  the 
  southwestern 
  border 
  

   of 
  the 
  Adirondacks. 
  The 
  present 
  outcrop 
  in 
  this 
  part 
  is 
  every- 
  

   where 
  within 
  50 
  miles 
  at 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  crystalline 
  area. 
  Farther 
  

   west 
  the 
  beds 
  diminish 
  gradually 
  with 
  the 
  increase 
  of 
  distance 
  

   from 
  the 
  Adirondack 
  highland, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  extreme 
  west 
  the 
  

   materials 
  probably 
  came 
  from 
  the 
  remoter 
  crystalline 
  region 
  of 
  

   Canada. 
  East 
  of 
  Clinton 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  more 
  rapid 
  thinning 
  of 
  the 
  

   beds, 
  since 
  the 
  old 
  Appalachian 
  highland 
  that 
  limited 
  the 
  sea 
  in 
  

   this 
  direction 
  is 
  soon 
  reached. 
  The 
  Pennsylvanian 
  and 
  southern 
  

   Clinton 
  deposits 
  w 
  r 
  ere 
  laid 
  down 
  on 
  the 
  western 
  shore 
  of 
  the 
  

   Appalachian 
  highland; 
  their 
  materials 
  were 
  probably 
  gathered 
  

   from 
  this 
  land 
  mass 
  rather 
  than 
  from 
  the 
  north. 
  

  

  There 
  is 
  an 
  interval 
  of 
  more 
  than 
  ioo 
  miles 
  between 
  the 
  

   eastern 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  New 
  York 
  belt 
  and 
  the 
  next 
  appearance 
  of 
  

   the 
  Clinton 
  rocks 
  to 
  the 
  south, 
  which 
  is 
  in 
  central 
  Pennsylvania. 
  

   It 
  is 
  possible, 
  however, 
  that 
  this 
  gap 
  is 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  overlapping 
  

   of 
  the 
  higher 
  Upper 
  Siluric 
  members 
  which 
  are 
  represented 
  in 
  

   eastern 
  New 
  York 
  and 
  pass 
  into 
  Pennsylvania 
  in 
  the 
  vicinity 
  of 
  

   Port 
  Jervis. 
  A 
  comparison 
  of 
  the 
  faunas 
  of 
  the 
  Clinton 
  in 
  New 
  

   York 
  and 
  Pennsylvania 
  shows 
  a 
  close 
  relationship 
  that 
  is 
  sug- 
  

   gestive 
  of 
  stratigraphic 
  continuity, 
  the 
  buried 
  portion 
  coming 
  

   to 
  the 
  surface 
  only 
  after 
  it 
  becomes 
  involved 
  in 
  the 
  Appalachian 
  

   folds. 
  

  

  MINING 
  METHODS 
  

  

  From 
  the 
  beginning 
  of 
  active 
  mining 
  along 
  the 
  Clinton 
  belt, 
  

   attention 
  has 
  naturally 
  been 
  directed 
  to 
  the 
  northern 
  edge 
  or 
  

   outcrop 
  of 
  the 
  beds 
  as 
  being 
  the 
  most 
  accessible 
  for 
  develop- 
  

  

  