﻿84 The Philippine Journal of Science 1914 



4. Three stages of entamoebae were recognized; namely, en- 

 cysted (partly or completely), active, and quiescent. No stains 

 were used. The examinations were made with a Leitz 3 objec- 

 tive (a Leitz 6 and an immersion lens being used when necessary) 

 and a 4 ocular. 



A summary of the findings is given in Table I. The distri- 

 bution of the infections according to nationality, age, and sex 

 is found in Table 11, 



This table shows that 375, or 37.5 per cent of the 1,000 cases 

 examined, were infected with entamoebae, the highest percentage, 

 46.3, being found in adult female Filipinos and the lowest, 25.0, 

 in Filipino children. Experience gained at the hospital during 

 the past two years inclines me to the belief that if several speci- 

 mens from each case had been examined the percentage of 

 persons infected would have been about one-half as high again 

 as given above. In other words, instead of the positive per- 

 centage being 37.5 it would have been about 55. 



The percentage of entamcebic infections in inhabitants of the 

 Philippine Islands recorded by other investigators and the con- 

 ditions under which they were obtained are given in Table III. 



Strong,' 1901, looking for E. coli in the stools of nondysenteric 

 persons of Manila, found 8, or 4 per cent, infected in 200 exami- 

 nations, Vedder,* 1906, examined 100 healthy individuals in 

 the Cotabato Valley, Mindanao Province, for the presence of 

 E. coli. Of 50 native scouts, mostly Moros, 35, or 70 per cent, 

 and of 50 American soldiers, 25, or 50 per cent, were infected. 

 Ashbum and Craig,' 1907, examined 107 healthy American sol- 

 diers at the Division Hospital, Manila, for entamoebae. They 

 found E. coli in 76, or 71 per cent, and E. histolytica in 4, or 3.7 

 per cent, Hoyt," 1908, reported 34.6 per cent infected of 300 per- 

 sons examined for active entamoebae at the Naval Hospital, Ca- 

 fiacao, Cavite Province. Of 283 American sailors, 32 per cent, 

 and of 17 Filipinos, 76 per cent, were positive. Garrison,' 1908, 

 in examining 4,106 inmates of Bilibid Prison, Manila, for gen- 

 eral evidences of intestinal parasitism, found 23 per cent in- 

 fected with active entamoebae. In a similar study Garrison, 

 Leynes, and Llamas,* 1909, found 2.7 per cent infected with 



"Circular on Tropical Diseases, No. 1. Manila (Feb., 1901). 



' Joum. Avi. Med. Assoc. (1906), 40, 870. 



'Milit. Surgeon (1907), 21, 348. 



' This Journal, Sec. B (1908), 3, 417. 



'Ibid. (1908), 3. 191. 



'Ibid (1909), 4, 257. 



