﻿EX, B, 2 Samtary Survey in Mindoro 143 



Area. — The area of Mindoro is given in the Atlas Filipinas 

 as 10,987 square kilometers (3,972 square miles) with a coast 

 line of 518 kilometers (322 statute miles). The San Jose Estate 

 contains an area of 22,485 hectares (55,538 acres). 



Drainage. — There are several streams ♦passing through the 

 San Jose Estate of which the two principal ones are the Busu- 

 anga and Lumintan (Luminatao, Lumitao) Rivers. These rivers 

 flow all the year round, and furnish abundant water for irriga- 

 tion purposes. The smaller streams have an intermittent flow 

 or form submerged marshes. These marshes during the rainy- 

 season become lakes, and are the source of numerous smaller 

 streams that are dry during the months of no rainfall. 



Routes of travel. — San Jose is reached from Mangarin Point 

 by the Mindoro Company railway. There is a trail leading from 

 Mangarin to the town, which was formerly the means of access. 

 Very little traveling is done to the north of the town as the 

 country is thinly settled. 



Geology. — Most of the plain is alluvial, but shows exposures 

 of conglomerate and shales toward the foothills. These in turn 

 rest on the igneous rocks which form the base of the mountain 

 system. Along the mountain range, white cliffs can be seen 

 which evidently are composed of limestone. To the south of the 

 estate at Santa Teresa, the natives quarry coralliferous limestone 

 for use in the sugar industry. It is stated that about 24 kilo- 

 meters north of the estate are oil seeps, and in the mountains 

 are numerous caves of limestone. No investigation of the alleged 

 oil seeps was made, because of lack of time. 



Soil. — The soil on the estate varies from silt to a very clayey 

 loam. Considerable portions of the land near the large rivers 

 are composed of sand and gravel. In other portions the soil is 

 a loamy clay, black to yellow in color. Where the clay material 

 predominates, it may be necessary to drain the fields to insure 

 a good soil for crops. In the more sandy soil where the retentive 

 power is low, irrigation will be necessary to insure sufficient 

 water for the cane fields. 



Water supply. — The water supply is obtained from artesian 

 wells which give a good quantity of potable water. In the 

 outlying districts, dug wells are used and also small wells dug 

 in the sand of the rivers. 



3. THE GENERAL AND EXTERNAL SANITARY PROBLEM 



By W. E. MusGRAVE 



The general sanitary problem may be divided into what may 

 be termed the external problem and the internal problem. Ob- 



