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  decomposing 
  mass 
  makes 
  it 
  a 
  suitable 
  place 
  for 
  this 
  purpose 
  ; 
  among 
  

   others, 
  the 
  eggs 
  of 
  Elajps 
  corallinus 
  have 
  been 
  identified. 
  

  

  KuGGLEs 
  (A. 
  G.). 
  Notes 
  on 
  a 
  Chestnut-tree 
  Parasite. 
  — 
  Science, 
  

   Philadelphia, 
  xxxviii, 
  no. 
  989, 
  12th 
  Dec. 
  1913, 
  p. 
  852. 
  

  

  While 
  working 
  in 
  connection 
  with 
  the 
  Pennsylvania 
  Chestnut 
  Tree 
  

   Bhght 
  Commission 
  last 
  winter, 
  the 
  author 
  noticed 
  numerous 
  burrows 
  

   which 
  were 
  almost 
  always 
  present 
  in 
  the 
  bark 
  of 
  the 
  chestnuts, 
  par- 
  

   ticularly 
  in 
  the 
  smooth-barked 
  trees. 
  He 
  was 
  satisfied 
  that 
  the 
  bur- 
  

   rows 
  were 
  not 
  the 
  work 
  of 
  Agrilus 
  hilineatus, 
  as 
  had 
  been 
  suggested 
  

   by 
  Metcalf 
  and 
  Collins 
  in 
  the 
  U.S. 
  Farmers' 
  Bulletin, 
  No. 
  467. 
  They 
  

   eventually 
  proved 
  to 
  be 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  a 
  small 
  moth, 
  which 
  hiber- 
  

   nate 
  in 
  the 
  burrows 
  in 
  either 
  the 
  second 
  or 
  third 
  instar. 
  When 
  

   finished, 
  the 
  burrow 
  is 
  not 
  very 
  extensive, 
  the 
  longest 
  being 
  not 
  more 
  

   than 
  six 
  inches, 
  and 
  extending 
  longitudinally. 
  While 
  the 
  insect 
  is 
  

   within 
  the 
  trees 
  the 
  burrow 
  cannot 
  be 
  detected 
  externally. 
  After 
  the 
  

   emergence 
  of 
  the 
  larva, 
  however, 
  the 
  bark 
  swells 
  over 
  the 
  burrow, 
  

   often 
  cracking 
  and 
  making 
  a 
  conspicuous 
  wound. 
  The 
  larvae 
  leave 
  

   the 
  trees 
  during 
  the 
  first 
  part 
  of 
  June 
  through 
  minute 
  exit 
  holes, 
  

   dropping 
  to 
  the 
  soil, 
  in 
  which 
  they 
  spin 
  a 
  seed-pod-uke 
  cocoon, 
  char- 
  

   acteristic 
  of 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  IMicrolepidoptera. 
  The 
  single 
  perfect 
  insect 
  

   obtained 
  was 
  in 
  too 
  injured 
  a 
  condition 
  to 
  be 
  identified. 
  The 
  number 
  

   of 
  exit 
  holes 
  made 
  by 
  these 
  insects 
  is 
  enormous 
  in 
  any 
  given 
  area 
  of 
  

   chestnut 
  forest, 
  and 
  as 
  these 
  holes 
  are 
  made 
  just 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  when 
  the 
  

   bhght 
  spores 
  are 
  very 
  abundant, 
  and 
  conditions 
  generally 
  are 
  favour- 
  

   able 
  for 
  their 
  development, 
  it 
  is 
  believed 
  that 
  this 
  insect 
  has 
  an 
  impor- 
  

   tant 
  bearing 
  upon 
  the 
  spread 
  of 
  the 
  chestnut 
  bhght, 
  Eudothia 
  parasitica. 
  

  

  si 
  

  

  DoANE 
  (E. 
  W.). 
  The 
  Rhinoceros 
  Beetle 
  — 
  {Oryctes 
  Rhinoceros, 
  L.) 
  in 
  

   Samoa. 
  — 
  Jl. 
  Econ. 
  Entom., 
  Concord, 
  vi, 
  no. 
  6, 
  Dec. 
  1913, 
  

   pp. 
  437-442, 
  2 
  pi. 
  

  

  The 
  Rhinoceros 
  Beetle, 
  Oryctes 
  rhinoceros, 
  L., 
  has 
  long 
  been 
  known 
  

   as 
  a 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  serious 
  pest 
  of 
  coconut 
  trees 
  in 
  many 
  tropical 
  coun- 
  

   tries. 
  It 
  is 
  gradually 
  extending 
  its 
  range, 
  and 
  wherever 
  it 
  gains 
  a 
  

   foothold 
  in 
  a 
  new 
  country 
  its 
  ravages 
  usually 
  cause 
  great 
  financial 
  

   loss. 
  The 
  island 
  of 
  Upolo, 
  German 
  Samoa, 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  recent 
  places 
  

   to 
  sufier 
  from 
  the 
  introduction 
  of 
  this 
  pest. 
  In 
  districts 
  where 
  the 
  

   infestation 
  is 
  worst, 
  hundreds 
  of 
  trees 
  are 
  being 
  killed 
  on 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  

   plantations, 
  and 
  many 
  others 
  badly 
  injured. 
  As 
  the 
  beetles 
  attack 
  

   the 
  most 
  vital 
  part, 
  the 
  succulent 
  crown, 
  one 
  or 
  two 
  will 
  quickly 
  kill 
  

   a 
  young 
  tree. 
  Older 
  trees 
  are 
  better 
  able 
  to 
  withstand 
  attack, 
  but 
  

   even 
  a 
  few 
  beetles 
  in 
  them 
  will 
  soon 
  make 
  them 
  unproductive. 
  The 
  

   beetles 
  usually 
  attack 
  the 
  tree 
  between 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  a 
  leaf 
  and 
  the 
  trunk, 
  

   or 
  between 
  the 
  bases 
  of 
  two 
  leaves. 
  Having 
  reached 
  the 
  tender 
  heart 
  

   of 
  the 
  tree, 
  the 
  beetles 
  feed 
  on 
  it, 
  probably 
  for 
  some 
  weeks, 
  often 
  

   destroying 
  much 
  or 
  all 
  of 
  it, 
  thus 
  killing 
  the 
  tree. 
  

  

  The 
  life-history 
  of 
  the 
  insect 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  thoroughly 
  worked 
  out, 
  

   but 
  in 
  Samoa 
  it 
  probably 
  takes 
  a 
  year 
  to 
  complete 
  its 
  development. 
  

   The 
  eggs, 
  which 
  are 
  laid 
  in 
  batches 
  of 
  10-30, 
  hatch 
  in 
  a 
  very 
  short 
  

   time, 
  and 
  the 
  larvae 
  feed 
  for 
  several 
  weeks, 
  possibly 
  for 
  some 
  months. 
  

  

  