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  remains 
  of 
  the 
  harvest 
  from 
  the 
  plantations 
  ; 
  harrowing 
  the 
  infested 
  

   plots 
  in 
  autumn 
  or 
  early 
  spring, 
  after 
  spreading 
  quicklime 
  ; 
  and 
  spray- 
  

   ing 
  in 
  early 
  spring 
  with 
  a 
  4 
  per 
  cent, 
  solution 
  of 
  Chile 
  saltpetre. 
  

   Hylemyia 
  coarctata, 
  Fall., 
  has 
  done 
  considerable 
  damage 
  to 
  winter 
  rye 
  

   in 
  one 
  locality. 
  Oscinis 
  frit, 
  L., 
  is 
  widespread, 
  and 
  often 
  mistaken 
  

   for 
  M. 
  destructor 
  ; 
  it 
  has 
  damaged 
  barley 
  and 
  black 
  barley 
  in 
  some 
  

   places. 
  To 
  fight 
  the 
  insect 
  the 
  author 
  recommends 
  : 
  (1) 
  to 
  sow 
  

   summer 
  crops 
  as 
  early 
  as 
  possible, 
  and 
  use 
  seeds 
  which 
  tiller 
  less 
  ; 
  

   (2) 
  to 
  place 
  the 
  seeds 
  at 
  a 
  uniform 
  depth, 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  sprouts 
  should 
  

   appear 
  simultaneously 
  ; 
  (3) 
  not 
  to 
  allow 
  the 
  summer 
  crops 
  to 
  get 
  

   over-ripe 
  ; 
  (4) 
  to 
  replough 
  the 
  stubbles 
  immediately 
  the 
  harvest 
  is 
  ov«r 
  ; 
  

   and 
  (5) 
  not 
  to 
  sow 
  summer 
  crops 
  near 
  the 
  damaged 
  winter 
  ones. 
  

  

  Orchard 
  Pests. 
  — 
  Tingis 
  piri, 
  Geoffr., 
  is 
  found 
  everywhere, 
  and 
  

   damages 
  apple, 
  pear 
  and 
  cherry 
  trees, 
  from 
  July 
  to 
  September. 
  

   Repeated 
  sprayings 
  with 
  soap 
  water 
  (J 
  lb. 
  ordinary 
  soap 
  in 
  2*7 
  galls, 
  

   water) 
  kills 
  the 
  insects. 
  The 
  autumn 
  cleaning 
  of 
  the 
  orchards 
  from 
  

   the 
  fallen 
  leaves 
  and 
  the 
  burning 
  of 
  all 
  waste 
  is 
  also 
  recommended.'^ 
  

  

  PysUa 
  mail, 
  Forst., 
  has 
  been 
  proved 
  to 
  exist 
  in 
  several 
  districts, 
  and 
  

   in 
  the 
  opinion 
  of 
  the 
  author, 
  probably 
  occurs 
  in' 
  all 
  the 
  others, 
  although 
  

   growers 
  do 
  not 
  notice 
  its 
  presence, 
  and 
  attribute 
  the 
  injury 
  done 
  by 
  it 
  

   to 
  frost. 
  Repeated 
  and 
  abundant 
  spraying 
  of 
  the 
  trees 
  in 
  late 
  autumn 
  

   and 
  early 
  spring 
  with 
  3-5 
  per 
  cent, 
  solution 
  of 
  green 
  copperas 
  when 
  

   the 
  larvae 
  appear 
  ; 
  spraying 
  with 
  tobacco 
  or 
  quassia 
  extract 
  ; 
  and 
  

   burning 
  the 
  small 
  branches 
  cut 
  away 
  in 
  autumn 
  and 
  spring, 
  are 
  the 
  

   remedies 
  suggested. 
  

  

  Psylld 
  pyricola, 
  Forst., 
  Aphis 
  pomi, 
  de 
  G., 
  Myzus 
  cerasi, 
  F., 
  HyaJop- 
  

   teruspruni, 
  F., 
  and 
  Rhopalosiphum 
  rihis, 
  Buckton, 
  are 
  found 
  everywhere, 
  

   and 
  were 
  successfully 
  controlled 
  by 
  spraying 
  with 
  soapy 
  water. 
  Lepi- 
  

   dosaphes 
  ulmi, 
  L., 
  Mytilaspis 
  pomorum, 
  Bouche, 
  and 
  another 
  unidenti- 
  

   fied 
  Coccid 
  were 
  very 
  widespread 
  on 
  apple 
  trees. 
  Amongst 
  the 
  sug- 
  

   gested 
  remedies 
  are 
  : 
  spraying 
  and 
  smearing 
  of 
  the 
  leafless 
  trees 
  in 
  

   autumn 
  and 
  spring 
  with 
  limewash, 
  containing 
  2-3 
  wine-glasses 
  of 
  

   crude 
  carbolic 
  acid 
  or 
  1 
  lb. 
  of 
  green 
  copperas 
  to 
  2 
  "7 
  galls, 
  of 
  the 
  solution 
  ; 
  

   the 
  intensive 
  manuring 
  of 
  the 
  attacked 
  trees 
  ; 
  the 
  pruning 
  of 
  the 
  

   crowns 
  ; 
  spraying 
  with 
  carbol 
  or 
  naphtha 
  emulsions 
  in 
  May, 
  June, 
  etc. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  considers 
  that 
  Hyponomeuta 
  malinellus, 
  Z., 
  takes 
  the 
  

   first 
  place 
  amongst 
  the 
  pests 
  of 
  orchards 
  in 
  the 
  Government. 
  Its 
  

   caterpillars 
  are 
  most 
  active 
  throughout 
  June. 
  The 
  best 
  remedy 
  is 
  

   spraying 
  with 
  tobacco 
  decoction 
  (a 
  handful 
  of 
  tobacco 
  to 
  each 
  2 
  gals, 
  

   of 
  water), 
  which 
  must 
  be 
  done 
  when 
  the 
  caterpillars 
  are 
  still 
  young 
  

   and 
  have 
  not 
  yet 
  prepared 
  their 
  webs. 
  It 
  is 
  also 
  useful 
  to 
  spray 
  the 
  

   leafless 
  trees 
  abundantly 
  and 
  repeatedly 
  in 
  autumn 
  and 
  in 
  spring, 
  

   before 
  the 
  swelling 
  of 
  the 
  buds, 
  with 
  a 
  5 
  per 
  cent, 
  solution 
  of 
  sulphate 
  

   of 
  iron 
  ; 
  to 
  burn 
  the 
  thin 
  branches 
  cut 
  away 
  from 
  the 
  trees 
  ; 
  and 
  

   especially 
  to 
  spray 
  the 
  crown 
  with 
  milk 
  of 
  lime 
  to 
  which 
  sulphate 
  of 
  

   iron 
  is 
  added 
  (1 
  lb. 
  of 
  sulphate 
  to 
  each 
  2*7 
  galls, 
  of 
  the 
  solution). 
  

   Hyponomeuta 
  variabilis, 
  Z., 
  flew 
  in 
  great 
  numbers 
  near 
  the 
  town 
  of 
  

   Voronezh 
  at 
  the 
  beginning 
  of 
  August, 
  the 
  larvae 
  mining 
  the 
  leaves 
  

   of 
  cherries. 
  

  

  There 
  was 
  only 
  one 
  generation 
  of 
  Cydia 
  {Carpocapsa) 
  pomonella 
  in 
  

   (Cl) 
  c 
  2 
  

  

  