﻿39 
  

  

  42 
  days. 
  The 
  second 
  part 
  is 
  devoted 
  to 
  a 
  consideration 
  of 
  the 
  move- 
  

   ments 
  of 
  the 
  swarms 
  of 
  larvae. 
  After 
  extensive 
  investigations 
  in 
  the 
  

   field, 
  the 
  author 
  concludes 
  that 
  these 
  movements 
  are 
  not 
  influenced 
  

   by 
  such 
  factors 
  as 
  wind, 
  sun, 
  etc. 
  ; 
  nor 
  do 
  they 
  take 
  place 
  in 
  any 
  

   definite 
  directions, 
  being 
  merely 
  the 
  fortuitous 
  result 
  of 
  the 
  gregarious 
  

   instinct 
  combined 
  with 
  the 
  search 
  for 
  food. 
  Cultivated 
  crops 
  appear 
  

   to 
  exercise 
  no 
  special 
  attraction 
  for 
  these 
  insects, 
  and 
  if 
  the 
  wild 
  plants 
  

   on 
  the 
  steppes 
  afford 
  sufficient 
  food, 
  the 
  locusts 
  will 
  remain 
  there 
  

   during 
  their 
  whole 
  period 
  of 
  development. 
  On 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  the 
  

   migratory 
  movements 
  of 
  the 
  flying 
  locusts 
  are 
  more 
  definite, 
  the 
  

   swarms 
  always 
  entering 
  Russian 
  Turkestan 
  from 
  the 
  south, 
  originating 
  

   in 
  Afghanistan. 
  

  

  Smirnov 
  (D.). 
  riojibsa, 
  npuHOCMiviafl 
  TpflcorycKaMU 
  bt3 
  TypKeciaHt. 
  

  

  [The 
  utihty 
  of 
  the 
  Wagtail 
  (Motacilla) 
  in 
  Turkestan.] 
  — 
  Agriculture 
  

   of 
  Turkestan, 
  Tashkent, 
  no. 
  3, 
  March 
  1913, 
  pp. 
  149-251. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  draws 
  the 
  attention 
  of 
  farmers 
  to 
  the 
  value 
  of 
  these 
  

   birds 
  in 
  destroying 
  the 
  common 
  pest 
  of 
  lucerne 
  in 
  Turkestan, 
  Hypera 
  

   variabilis, 
  Hbst. 
  These 
  weevils 
  start 
  ovipositing 
  in 
  the 
  Merv 
  oasis 
  on 
  

   young 
  leaves 
  of 
  lucerne 
  as 
  early 
  as 
  February 
  ; 
  in 
  1912 
  the 
  author 
  

   found 
  larvae 
  on 
  the 
  1st 
  March. 
  Oviposition 
  proceeds 
  till 
  April, 
  and 
  

   the 
  larvae 
  do 
  considerable 
  damage, 
  estimated 
  at 
  50 
  rubles 
  (about 
  

   £5 
  5s.) 
  per 
  dessiatin 
  (2 
  '7 
  acres) 
  ; 
  the 
  damage 
  is 
  the 
  more 
  felt 
  as 
  at 
  

   this 
  time 
  there 
  are 
  no 
  supplies 
  of 
  lucerne 
  from 
  the 
  previous 
  year, 
  and 
  

   food 
  for 
  cattle 
  is 
  very 
  dear. 
  The 
  larvae 
  appear 
  in 
  greatest 
  numbers 
  

   in 
  March, 
  there 
  being 
  only 
  one 
  generation 
  in 
  the 
  year. 
  In 
  March 
  the 
  

   wagtails 
  appeared, 
  and 
  the 
  author 
  observed 
  both 
  Motacilla 
  alba, 
  L., 
  

   and 
  M. 
  feldegii, 
  Mich. 
  ; 
  the 
  former 
  species 
  is 
  not 
  a 
  resident, 
  and 
  soon 
  

   disappeared. 
  The 
  author 
  has 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  stomach 
  of 
  5 
  birds, 
  which 
  

   were 
  able 
  to 
  feed 
  only 
  half 
  a 
  day, 
  152 
  larvae 
  of 
  Hypera 
  and 
  2 
  beetles 
  ; 
  

   he 
  estimates 
  that 
  the 
  whole 
  flock 
  of 
  birds 
  on 
  the 
  spot 
  under 
  observa- 
  

   tion 
  numbered 
  a 
  hundred, 
  and 
  that 
  these 
  would 
  have 
  destroyed 
  as 
  

   many 
  as 
  6,000 
  larvae 
  in 
  one 
  day. 
  The 
  importance 
  of 
  these 
  birds 
  is 
  

   the 
  greater, 
  as 
  the 
  pest 
  has 
  no 
  other 
  natural 
  enemies 
  in 
  Turkestan 
  ; 
  

   the 
  author 
  obtained 
  only 
  two 
  specimens 
  of 
  the 
  parasite 
  Canidia 
  curcu- 
  

   lionis 
  out 
  of 
  a 
  thousand 
  larvae. 
  He 
  considers 
  that 
  all 
  the 
  birds 
  of 
  

   this 
  genus 
  are 
  useful 
  to 
  farmers, 
  as 
  their 
  life-habits 
  are 
  very 
  similar. 
  

  

  PoRTCHiNSKY 
  (I. 
  A.). 
  HactKOMbifl, 
  BpeAfliuifl 
  xntSnoMy 
  sepny 
  btj 
  

   aMOapaxii 
  M 
  CKJiaflaxia. 
  [Insects 
  injurious 
  to 
  grain 
  in 
  stores 
  

   and 
  warehouses.]— 
  Tpyflbi 
  Bjopo 
  no 
  SHTOMOnorill 
  YHeHaro 
  KOMM- 
  

   Teia 
  fJiaB. 
  VnpaB. 
  3. 
  M 
  3. 
  [Memoirs 
  of 
  the 
  Bureau 
  of 
  Entomo^ 
  

   logy 
  of 
  the 
  Scientific 
  Committee 
  of 
  the 
  Central 
  Board 
  of 
  Land 
  

   Administration 
  and 
  Agriculture,] 
  St. 
  Petersburg, 
  x, 
  no. 
  5, 
  1913, 
  

   pp. 
  84, 
  5 
  tables, 
  3 
  figs. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  prefaces 
  his 
  book 
  by 
  some 
  introductory 
  general 
  remarks 
  

   as 
  to 
  insects 
  injurious 
  to 
  grain 
  in 
  Russia, 
  where 
  these 
  pests 
  have 
  some- 
  

   times 
  destroyed 
  more 
  than 
  half 
  of 
  the 
  stored 
  harvest 
  in 
  some 
  localities, 
  

   which, 
  especially 
  in 
  the 
  eighties 
  of 
  last 
  century, 
  seriously 
  injured 
  the 
  

   export 
  of 
  Russian 
  grain 
  ; 
  he 
  describes, 
  generally, 
  the 
  nature 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  