﻿41 
  

  

  Haberl.indt, 
  Kollar 
  and 
  others. 
  Some 
  experiments 
  conducted 
  in 
  the 
  

   Bureau 
  of 
  Entomology 
  by 
  G. 
  V. 
  Zelenko 
  have 
  proved 
  that 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  

   destroy 
  all 
  the 
  stages 
  of 
  this 
  pest 
  completely 
  at 
  the 
  usual 
  room 
  tem- 
  

   perature, 
  14-16° 
  R 
  (64°-68° 
  F.), 
  in 
  an 
  isolated 
  space, 
  it 
  is 
  necessary 
  

   to 
  apply 
  not 
  less 
  than 
  7 
  lb. 
  of 
  carbon 
  bisulphide 
  for 
  every 
  1,000 
  cubic 
  

   feet 
  during 
  48 
  hours 
  ; 
  should 
  it 
  be 
  required 
  to 
  get 
  the 
  same 
  results 
  in 
  

   24 
  hours, 
  lOJlb. 
  of 
  liquid 
  are 
  necessary. 
  The 
  samples 
  freed 
  from 
  the 
  

   pests 
  must 
  be 
  kept 
  in 
  closed 
  spaces 
  and 
  be 
  protected 
  by 
  naphthalene 
  

   or 
  tar. 
  

  

  Tinea 
  granella, 
  L., 
  is 
  commonly 
  found 
  in 
  Russia 
  in 
  grain 
  warehouses, 
  

   but 
  the 
  damage 
  done 
  by 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  so 
  great 
  as 
  that 
  done 
  by 
  Calandra 
  

   granaria. 
  As 
  remedies 
  are 
  mentioned 
  the 
  removal 
  of 
  the 
  matted 
  

   grain 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  rakes, 
  which 
  must 
  be 
  done 
  before 
  the 
  autumn, 
  i.e., 
  

   before 
  the 
  larv^ae 
  pass 
  away 
  from 
  the 
  grain 
  to 
  pupate, 
  and 
  the 
  lowering 
  

   of 
  the 
  temperature 
  of 
  the 
  store 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  ventilation 
  holes, 
  etc. 
  

   Trachea 
  {Hadena) 
  basilinea, 
  Schiff., 
  is 
  very 
  frequently 
  found 
  in 
  Russia 
  

   in 
  ricks 
  of 
  unthrashed 
  grain, 
  and 
  in 
  stores, 
  and 
  often 
  does 
  great 
  damage. 
  

   These 
  insects 
  have 
  only 
  one 
  generation 
  during 
  the 
  year, 
  the 
  moths 
  

   flying 
  in 
  summer, 
  w^hen 
  the 
  grain 
  is 
  developing 
  in 
  the 
  ears, 
  but 
  the 
  

   caterpillars 
  are 
  found 
  during 
  the 
  whole 
  spring, 
  summer 
  and 
  autumn 
  

   in 
  different 
  stages. 
  The 
  author 
  describes 
  the 
  habits 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  and 
  

   the 
  damage 
  done 
  by 
  them 
  ; 
  during 
  the 
  harvest 
  time 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  cater- 
  

   pillars 
  fall 
  from 
  the 
  ears 
  to 
  the 
  earth, 
  but 
  in 
  the 
  evenings 
  they 
  get 
  

   back 
  to 
  the 
  sheaves 
  remaining 
  in 
  the 
  fields, 
  and 
  in 
  this 
  way 
  they 
  get 
  

   into 
  the 
  ricks 
  and 
  barns. 
  During 
  the 
  autumn 
  their 
  activity 
  depends 
  

   on 
  the 
  temperature, 
  and 
  in 
  warm 
  autumns 
  they 
  do 
  considerable 
  

   damage. 
  Kiln-drying 
  kills 
  only 
  the 
  caterpillars 
  near 
  the 
  floor 
  of 
  the 
  

   kiln 
  ; 
  by 
  thrashing 
  with 
  chains 
  only 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  are 
  destroyed, 
  

   while 
  thrashing 
  with 
  machines 
  gives 
  better 
  results 
  ; 
  winnowing 
  does 
  

   not 
  separate 
  them 
  from 
  the 
  grain. 
  Those 
  larvae 
  which 
  remain 
  in 
  the 
  

   fields 
  feed 
  on 
  fallen 
  grain 
  or 
  on 
  grass, 
  and 
  pass 
  the 
  winter 
  inside 
  the 
  

   stubble 
  left 
  in 
  the 
  fields. 
  The 
  author 
  recommends 
  that 
  the 
  sheaves 
  

   should 
  not 
  be 
  stacked 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  field 
  in 
  which 
  they 
  have 
  been 
  cut 
  ; 
  

   should 
  this 
  be 
  impracticable, 
  the 
  sheaves 
  ought 
  to 
  be 
  piled 
  on 
  a 
  clean 
  

   spot, 
  surrounded 
  by 
  a 
  trench, 
  the 
  latter 
  being 
  also 
  quite 
  clean 
  from 
  

   straw. 
  The 
  ricks 
  ought 
  to 
  be 
  loose, 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  allow 
  of 
  the 
  ventilation 
  

   of 
  the 
  pile 
  and 
  the 
  access 
  of 
  fresh 
  cold 
  air, 
  which 
  will 
  make 
  the 
  cater- 
  

   pillars 
  harmless 
  in 
  the 
  ricks 
  till 
  the 
  arrival 
  of 
  warm 
  weather. 
  The 
  

   caterpillars 
  remaining 
  in 
  the 
  fields 
  can 
  be 
  best 
  destroyed 
  by 
  allowing 
  

   them 
  to 
  creep 
  during 
  the 
  day 
  underneath 
  straw, 
  spread 
  in 
  the 
  field, 
  

   which 
  is 
  afterwards 
  burned. 
  In 
  the 
  same 
  way 
  the 
  stubble 
  also 
  must 
  

   be 
  burned, 
  to 
  facilitate 
  which 
  high-mowing 
  is 
  recommended. 
  

  

  The 
  third 
  group 
  of 
  pests 
  are 
  mites 
  of 
  the 
  family, 
  Tyroglyphidae, 
  

   the 
  most 
  common 
  representative 
  of 
  which 
  in 
  stored 
  grain 
  and 
  flour 
  is 
  

   Tyroglyphus 
  farinae, 
  Koch 
  ; 
  T. 
  siro, 
  L. 
  and 
  T. 
  longior, 
  Gervais, 
  bcimj 
  

   found 
  mostly 
  in 
  cheese 
  and 
  less 
  frequently 
  in 
  grain 
  and 
  flour. 
  The 
  

   author 
  describes 
  the 
  Hfe-habits 
  of 
  this 
  species. 
  According 
  to 
  the 
  

   experiments 
  of 
  Zelenko 
  on 
  some 
  representatives 
  of 
  the 
  genus 
  Cheyletits, 
  

   living 
  in 
  dry 
  hay 
  and 
  in 
  stored 
  clover 
  seeds, 
  lOJ 
  lb. 
  of 
  carbon 
  bisulphide 
  

   for 
  a 
  space 
  of 
  1,000 
  cubic 
  feet 
  are 
  necessary 
  to 
  destroy 
  the 
  mites 
  

   within 
  24 
  hours. 
  

  

  