﻿12 
  

  

  tradicts 
  the 
  statement 
  that 
  the 
  collection 
  of 
  the 
  beetles 
  cannot 
  be 
  

   considered 
  sufficient 
  and 
  effective 
  ; 
  he 
  believes 
  that 
  the 
  remedy, 
  if 
  

   applied, 
  not 
  as 
  an 
  experiment, 
  but 
  on 
  a 
  large 
  scale 
  and 
  everywhere 
  in 
  

   the 
  Government 
  will 
  yield 
  good 
  results, 
  and 
  that 
  only 
  after 
  several 
  

   years 
  of 
  such 
  collection 
  will 
  it 
  be 
  possible 
  to 
  judge 
  conclusively 
  as 
  to 
  

   its 
  efficiency. 
  He 
  further 
  describes 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  digging 
  the 
  earth, 
  in 
  

   order 
  to 
  ascertain 
  the 
  numbers 
  of 
  eggs, 
  larvae, 
  pupae, 
  and 
  adults 
  

   wintering 
  in 
  the 
  soil. 
  A 
  table 
  is 
  given 
  showing 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  the 
  

   examination 
  of 
  1 
  ,625 
  holes, 
  each 
  one 
  metre 
  square. 
  In 
  July 
  and 
  August 
  

   the 
  soil 
  was 
  dug 
  out 
  to 
  the 
  depth 
  of 
  1 
  metre 
  ; 
  in 
  September 
  and 
  

   October, 
  to 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  1|-1J 
  metres. 
  It 
  appears 
  from 
  the 
  table 
  that 
  

   the 
  collection 
  of 
  beetles 
  was 
  by 
  no 
  means 
  useless, 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  eggs 
  

   and 
  young 
  larvae 
  in 
  those 
  places 
  where 
  collection 
  was 
  practised 
  being 
  

   generally 
  less 
  than 
  one-third 
  of 
  that 
  in 
  places 
  where 
  no 
  collections 
  where 
  

   made 
  ; 
  though 
  in 
  both 
  cases 
  an 
  equal 
  number 
  of 
  larvae 
  of 
  older 
  stages 
  

   (not 
  bred 
  in 
  1912, 
  but 
  before) 
  were 
  found. 
  Keeping 
  the 
  soil 
  friable 
  

   decreases 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  larvae; 
  crop-growing 
  on 
  spots 
  where 
  the 
  

   trees 
  are 
  cut 
  away 
  also 
  gives 
  positive 
  results 
  ; 
  in 
  sandy 
  soil 
  the 
  larvae 
  

   are 
  fewest, 
  next 
  coming 
  pine 
  woods, 
  and 
  then 
  spaces 
  that 
  have 
  been 
  

   cleared 
  of 
  trees 
  ; 
  the 
  heaviest 
  infestation 
  is 
  in 
  soil 
  around 
  deciduous 
  

   trees 
  ; 
  old 
  trees 
  are 
  preferred 
  by 
  the 
  females 
  to 
  younger 
  ones, 
  if 
  both 
  

   grow 
  together 
  on 
  the 
  same 
  spot 
  ; 
  floods 
  from 
  the 
  river 
  Dvuretchka 
  

   had 
  no 
  influence 
  on 
  the 
  larvae. 
  The 
  author 
  recommends 
  the 
  digging 
  

   of 
  holes 
  yearly, 
  and 
  on 
  a 
  large 
  scale, 
  to 
  obtain 
  more 
  rehable 
  informa- 
  

   tion 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  present 
  and 
  future 
  occurrence 
  of 
  the 
  beetles. 
  

  

  In 
  conclusion, 
  the 
  author 
  gives 
  an 
  account 
  of 
  various 
  experiments, 
  

   from 
  which 
  it 
  appears 
  that 
  the 
  larvae 
  require 
  moisture 
  for 
  their 
  

   development, 
  perishing 
  in 
  dry 
  soil 
  ; 
  that 
  they 
  perish 
  in 
  close, 
  compact 
  

   soil 
  ; 
  that 
  in 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  food 
  in 
  the 
  soil 
  the 
  larvae 
  move 
  about 
  

   three 
  inches 
  in 
  24 
  hours, 
  while 
  in 
  the 
  absence 
  of 
  food 
  the 
  speed 
  is 
  

   about 
  four 
  inches 
  ; 
  some 
  experiments 
  in 
  a 
  special 
  glass 
  apparatus 
  

   showed 
  that 
  the 
  insects 
  could 
  move 
  as 
  much 
  as 
  two 
  feet 
  in 
  24 
  hours. 
  

   Further 
  observations 
  of 
  this 
  kind 
  are 
  in 
  progress. 
  

  

  K.T. 
  BpeflMiejiM 
  m 
  6opb6a 
  ctd 
  hmmm 
  btd 
  n-fecHMMecTBaxij 
  TawiSoBCKOM 
  

   ry5. 
  Bl> 
  1912 
  r. 
  [Pests 
  and 
  the 
  fighting 
  of 
  them 
  in 
  the 
  forests 
  

   of 
  the 
  Government 
  of 
  Tambov 
  in 
  1912]. 
  — 
  «JltCHafl 
  }KM3Hb 
  W 
  

   X03flMCTB0 
  » 
  [" 
  Forest 
  Life 
  and 
  Economy 
  "]. 
  — 
  Tambov, 
  1913, 
  no. 
  7 
  , 
  

  

  pp. 
  25-28. 
  

  

  The 
  fighting 
  of 
  injurious 
  insects 
  was 
  conducted 
  in 
  1912 
  in 
  sixteen 
  

   forests 
  of 
  the 
  Government, 
  being 
  chiefly 
  directed 
  against 
  the 
  " 
  May 
  

   beetles 
  " 
  (Melolontha), 
  which 
  are 
  the 
  most 
  widespread 
  and 
  dangerous 
  

   pests 
  of 
  forests. 
  In 
  nine 
  forests 
  the 
  whole 
  fight 
  was 
  concentrated 
  on 
  

   the 
  collection 
  and 
  destruction 
  of 
  these 
  beetles, 
  the 
  total 
  quantity 
  of 
  

   insects 
  destroyed 
  being 
  25 
  tons. 
  The 
  insects 
  were 
  mostly 
  killed 
  in 
  

   boiling 
  water, 
  but 
  in 
  one 
  forest 
  special 
  ovens 
  were 
  dug 
  in 
  the 
  earth. 
  

   In 
  another 
  forest 
  the 
  beetles 
  were 
  boiled 
  in 
  water 
  to 
  which 
  lime 
  was 
  

   added, 
  and 
  afterwards 
  used 
  as 
  manure 
  for 
  nurseries 
  for 
  1913. 
  It 
  was 
  

   noticed 
  that 
  in 
  one 
  locality 
  where 
  the 
  plantations 
  were 
  eaten 
  totally 
  

   bare 
  in 
  1907, 
  the 
  previous 
  flying 
  year, 
  this 
  year 
  they 
  were 
  only 
  partly 
  

  

  