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  of 
  a 
  monophagous 
  insect 
  is 
  provided 
  by 
  the 
  Phylloxera 
  of 
  the 
  vine, 
  

   while 
  there 
  is 
  not 
  a 
  single 
  monophagous 
  insect 
  amongst 
  the 
  pests 
  of 
  

   sugar-beet. 
  The 
  author 
  deals 
  specially 
  with 
  Bothynoderes 
  punctiven- 
  

   tris, 
  Germ., 
  which, 
  although 
  polyphagous, 
  discriminates 
  in 
  selecting 
  

   its 
  food. 
  It 
  feeds 
  on 
  plants 
  of 
  the 
  order 
  Chenopodiacae 
  and 
  on 
  one 
  

   plant 
  of 
  the 
  order 
  Polygonaceae. 
  Of 
  plants 
  of 
  the 
  former 
  order, 
  it 
  

   feeds 
  on 
  Chenopodium 
  album, 
  L., 
  Atriplex 
  laciniatum, 
  L., 
  Salcola, 
  Beta 
  

   vulgaris, 
  L., 
  and, 
  according 
  to 
  some 
  statements, 
  on 
  Blitum 
  ; 
  of 
  the 
  

   second 
  order, 
  it 
  feeds 
  on 
  Polygonum 
  aviculare, 
  L. 
  The 
  statements 
  of 
  

   some 
  authors 
  that 
  they 
  have 
  observed 
  this 
  insect 
  feeding 
  on 
  Nicotiana 
  

   (Solanaceae) 
  and 
  Cucumis 
  melo, 
  L. 
  (Cucurbitaceae) 
  cannot 
  be 
  accepted 
  

   as 
  definitely 
  correct 
  without 
  further 
  observations 
  ; 
  the 
  author's 
  

   experiments 
  have 
  satisfied 
  him 
  that 
  it 
  does 
  not 
  feed 
  on 
  plants 
  of 
  the 
  

   orders 
  Compositae 
  and 
  Papilionaceae. 
  The 
  two 
  orders 
  which 
  serve 
  

   as 
  food 
  for 
  this 
  weevil 
  are 
  considered 
  to 
  be 
  genetically 
  related, 
  the 
  

   Polygonaceae 
  being 
  the 
  older 
  and 
  the 
  Chenopodiaceae 
  having 
  probably 
  

   been 
  derived 
  from 
  them. 
  The 
  author 
  assumes 
  that 
  Bothynoderes 
  

   punctiventris 
  originated 
  at 
  a 
  time 
  when 
  the 
  connection 
  between 
  these 
  

   groups 
  was 
  closer, 
  i.e., 
  when 
  there 
  were 
  more 
  intermediate 
  forms 
  

   between 
  them 
  than 
  at 
  present, 
  and 
  that 
  it 
  fed 
  previously 
  on 
  some 
  

   species 
  of 
  Polygonaceae, 
  but 
  later 
  adapted 
  itself 
  definitely 
  to 
  the 
  

   Chenopodiaceae. 
  As 
  to 
  the 
  causes 
  determining 
  the 
  selection 
  of 
  plants, 
  

   they 
  evidently 
  depend 
  on 
  the 
  physical 
  and 
  chemical 
  qualities 
  of 
  the 
  

   latter. 
  The 
  author 
  refers 
  to 
  the 
  paper 
  by 
  Verschaf?elt, 
  " 
  The 
  causes 
  

   determining 
  the 
  selection 
  of 
  food 
  in 
  some 
  herbivorous 
  insects." 
  (Kon. 
  

   Akad. 
  Wetensk. 
  Amsterdam, 
  1910, 
  pp. 
  546-542), 
  and 
  suggests 
  that 
  

   perhaps 
  the 
  results 
  obtained 
  by 
  this 
  author 
  may 
  i)e 
  utilised 
  in 
  applied 
  

   entomology 
  for 
  the 
  compounding 
  of 
  sprays 
  for 
  the 
  protection 
  of 
  plants. 
  

   [Compare 
  also 
  the 
  paper 
  by 
  Dr. 
  I. 
  Tragardh 
  noticed 
  in 
  this 
  Review 
  

   Ser. 
  B, 
  i, 
  p. 
  223.] 
  

  

  Levandovsky 
  (Revd. 
  J.). 
  Flay 
  KM 
  — 
  Bparw 
  nnemj. 
  [Spider 
  enemies 
  

   of 
  bees.] 
  — 
  ^«PycCK'm 
  riHejlOBOAHbm 
  JlMCTOK"b.» 
  [Russian 
  Bee- 
  

   Keepers' 
  Gazette.'] 
  Moscow, 
  Nov. 
  1913, 
  pp. 
  378-387. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  has 
  paid 
  special 
  attention 
  to 
  this 
  subject, 
  and 
  gives 
  a 
  list 
  

   of 
  the 
  spiders 
  which 
  kill 
  bees, 
  together 
  with 
  an 
  account 
  of 
  his 
  own 
  

   observations. 
  The 
  spiders 
  mentioned 
  belong 
  to 
  three 
  families. 
  

   Thomisidae 
  : 
  Thomisus 
  onustus, 
  Walck., 
  {T. 
  albus, 
  Gmel.), 
  Misumena 
  

   vatia, 
  CI. 
  (Thomisus 
  citraeus, 
  Walck.) 
  and 
  Misumena 
  tricuspidata, 
  F. 
  

   Another 
  genus 
  of 
  this 
  family 
  of 
  spiders, 
  Xysticus, 
  is 
  beneficial, 
  as 
  it 
  

   destroys 
  the 
  spiders 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  former 
  genera. 
  The 
  author 
  describes 
  

   his 
  observations 
  on 
  one 
  specimen 
  of 
  Thomisus 
  citraeus, 
  which 
  settled 
  

   down 
  on 
  a 
  Chrysanthemum 
  corymbosum, 
  L., 
  growing 
  near 
  to 
  a 
  bush 
  of 
  

   Hesperis 
  matronalis, 
  L., 
  from 
  which 
  the 
  bees 
  kept 
  gathering, 
  and 
  

   sometimes 
  sat 
  down 
  on 
  the 
  former 
  plant 
  to 
  clean 
  themselves 
  ; 
  the 
  

   spider 
  destroyed 
  five 
  bees 
  in 
  six 
  days, 
  perishing 
  itself 
  afterwards 
  from 
  

   attack 
  by 
  Pelopaeus 
  pensilis 
  ; 
  the 
  sucking 
  of 
  the 
  victim 
  continued 
  

   for 
  about 
  24 
  hours. 
  The 
  author 
  calculates 
  that 
  on 
  this 
  basis, 
  100 
  

   spiders 
  are 
  able 
  to 
  destroy 
  10,000 
  bees 
  during 
  four 
  months 
  of 
  the 
  honey 
  

   season. 
  

  

  The 
  second 
  family 
  is 
  Epeiridae, 
  the 
  following 
  species 
  being 
  known 
  

   to 
  be 
  injurious 
  : 
  — 
  Epeira 
  diadema, 
  Clerck, 
  E. 
  angulata, 
  CL, 
  E. 
  cormuta, 
  

  

  