﻿66 
  

  

  M. 
  rufotnaculatus, 
  Walk. 
  The 
  last-named 
  species 
  has 
  always 
  been 
  found 
  

   by 
  the 
  author 
  as 
  a 
  hyperparasite, 
  and 
  he 
  is 
  satisfied 
  that 
  Pteromalidae 
  

   usually 
  attack 
  the 
  host 
  when 
  it 
  has 
  already 
  passed 
  into 
  the 
  pupal 
  stage. 
  

   They 
  frequently 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  hyperparasites 
  breeding 
  on 
  Polygnotus 
  

   minutus, 
  Lind. 
  A 
  descriptive 
  table 
  of 
  the 
  various 
  species 
  of 
  

   Pteromalidae 
  is 
  given, 
  and 
  the 
  two 
  new 
  species 
  are 
  described 
  in 
  

   English. 
  Eupteromalus 
  arvensis 
  is 
  a 
  common 
  parasite 
  of 
  Hessian 
  fly 
  

   in 
  Poltava, 
  Moscow 
  and 
  Kiev, 
  while 
  two 
  females 
  of 
  Meraporus 
  

   crassicornis 
  have 
  been 
  reared 
  from 
  cocoons 
  of 
  the 
  host 
  in 
  Poltava 
  in 
  

   1910, 
  and 
  nine 
  in 
  Kiev. 
  

  

  Tasmanian 
  Insects 
  Pests. 
  — 
  Report 
  of 
  the 
  Tasmania 
  Agricultural 
  and 
  

   Stock 
  Department 
  for 
  1912-13, 
  Hobart, 
  15th 
  July 
  1913, 
  p. 
  9. 
  

  

  The 
  Director 
  of 
  Agriculture 
  of 
  Tasmania 
  reports 
  that 
  there 
  have 
  

   been 
  no 
  serious 
  outbreaks 
  of 
  codling 
  moth 
  amongst 
  fruit 
  trees, 
  and 
  the 
  

   slight 
  outbreak 
  of 
  San 
  Jose 
  scale 
  in 
  the 
  city 
  of 
  Launceston 
  has 
  been 
  so 
  

   successfully 
  dealt 
  with 
  that 
  not 
  an 
  insect, 
  dead 
  or 
  alive, 
  was 
  found. 
  

   The 
  trees 
  received 
  two 
  good 
  winter 
  sprayings 
  with 
  lime 
  and 
  sulphur 
  

   wash, 
  and 
  every 
  tree 
  on 
  which 
  the 
  live 
  scale 
  was 
  found 
  in 
  summer 
  was 
  

   also 
  treated 
  then 
  with 
  the 
  sulphide 
  of 
  soda 
  spray. 
  The 
  work 
  was 
  

   carried 
  out 
  thoroughly, 
  and 
  many 
  gardens 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  scale 
  was 
  found 
  

   last 
  year 
  and 
  which 
  were 
  treated 
  are 
  now 
  perfectly 
  clean. 
  

  

  Metcalf 
  (C. 
  L.). 
  The 
  Syrphidae 
  of 
  Ohio. 
  — 
  Ohio 
  Biological 
  Survey, 
  

   Bull. 
  1, 
  Ohio 
  State 
  University, 
  Columbus, 
  Ohio, 
  xvii, 
  no. 
  31, 
  

   June 
  1913, 
  122 
  pp., 
  3 
  figs., 
  11 
  pis. 
  

  

  This 
  is 
  the 
  initial 
  bulletin 
  of 
  the 
  Biological 
  Survey 
  of 
  Ohio, 
  the 
  

   object 
  of 
  which 
  is 
  to 
  secure 
  accurate 
  and 
  detailed 
  information 
  as 
  to 
  

   the 
  occurrence, 
  distribution, 
  and 
  ecology 
  of 
  the 
  animals 
  and 
  plants 
  of 
  

   Ohio. 
  The 
  bulletins 
  will 
  be 
  pubHshed 
  at 
  irregular 
  intervals, 
  as 
  the 
  

   investigations 
  are 
  completed. 
  This 
  volume 
  is 
  divided 
  into 
  three 
  parts. 
  

   The 
  first 
  covers 
  the 
  following 
  headings 
  : 
  General 
  discussion 
  of 
  the 
  

   family 
  ; 
  general 
  characters 
  ; 
  an 
  evolutionary 
  table 
  of 
  larval 
  habits 
  ; 
  

   biological 
  and 
  ecological 
  relations 
  and 
  economic 
  importance 
  of 
  the 
  

   larvae 
  ; 
  ecological 
  relations 
  and 
  economic 
  importance 
  of 
  the 
  adults 
  ; 
  

   enemies 
  and 
  practical 
  measures. 
  The 
  common 
  milkweed 
  (Asclepias 
  

   sp.) 
  is 
  a 
  rather 
  formidable 
  enemy 
  of 
  the 
  adult 
  Syrphidae, 
  as 
  their 
  legs 
  

   are 
  caught 
  by 
  the 
  pollinia 
  of 
  this 
  plant 
  ; 
  thus 
  large 
  numbers 
  of 
  the 
  

   weaker-bodied 
  flies 
  are 
  entrapped. 
  The 
  parasitic 
  insects 
  of 
  the 
  family 
  

   Ichneumonidae 
  are 
  also 
  serious 
  enemies 
  of 
  Syrphidae, 
  at 
  least 
  of 
  the 
  

   Aphidophagous 
  species. 
  At 
  times 
  fully 
  75 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  individuals 
  

   collected 
  were 
  destroyed 
  by 
  these 
  parasites. 
  Minute 
  Chalcid 
  para- 
  

   sites 
  also 
  prey 
  upon 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  Baccha 
  babista. 
  Something 
  might 
  

   be 
  done 
  towards 
  increasing 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  these 
  valuable 
  insects 
  if 
  

   people 
  could 
  be 
  brought 
  to 
  see 
  that 
  Syrphidae, 
  both 
  as 
  larvae 
  and 
  

   adults, 
  are 
  among 
  our 
  most 
  valuable 
  friends. 
  Part 
  2 
  contains 
  a 
  key 
  

   to 
  known 
  larvae 
  and 
  pupae 
  of 
  Syrphidae, 
  synopses 
  of 
  life-history 
  

   studies, 
  and 
  a 
  review 
  of 
  the 
  literature 
  on 
  the 
  biology 
  of 
  the 
  family. 
  

   Finally, 
  Part 
  3 
  gives 
  a 
  key 
  to 
  the 
  genera, 
  a 
  list 
  of 
  Ohio 
  species 
  and 
  a 
  

   brief 
  bibliography. 
  

  

  