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  throughout 
  Southern 
  India. 
  The 
  caterpillar 
  is 
  semi-aquatic, 
  living 
  

   in 
  cases 
  made 
  of 
  rolled 
  pieces 
  of 
  leaf, 
  and 
  is 
  furnished 
  with 
  bunches 
  of 
  

   slender 
  filamentous 
  gills 
  along 
  the 
  sides. 
  It 
  crawls 
  up 
  the 
  plant 
  above 
  

   water-level 
  and 
  feeds 
  on 
  the 
  green 
  tissues 
  of 
  the 
  leaf. 
  Pupation 
  

   occurs 
  in 
  the 
  larval 
  case. 
  Draining 
  the 
  water 
  off 
  the 
  affected 
  fields 
  is 
  

   indicated 
  as 
  a 
  remedy, 
  but 
  this 
  is 
  rarely 
  possible 
  in 
  practice, 
  as 
  this 
  

   pest 
  is 
  chiefly 
  found 
  in 
  low-lying, 
  water-logged 
  areas. 
  In 
  some 
  districts, 
  

   a 
  thorny 
  bush 
  is 
  dragged 
  over 
  the 
  field 
  to 
  dislodge 
  the 
  larval 
  cases, 
  and 
  

   the 
  water 
  is 
  then 
  drained 
  off 
  ; 
  it 
  is, 
  however, 
  difficult 
  to 
  see 
  what 
  is 
  

   the 
  value 
  of 
  the 
  thorny 
  bush, 
  and 
  the 
  draining 
  of 
  the 
  water 
  is 
  evidently 
  

   the 
  important 
  factor 
  where 
  success 
  is 
  claimed 
  for 
  this 
  method. 
  

   Cnaphalocrocis 
  medinalis, 
  Gn., 
  occurs 
  throughout 
  Southern 
  India, 
  and 
  

   is 
  a 
  minor 
  pest 
  of 
  paddy 
  as 
  a 
  rule, 
  occasionally 
  doing 
  considerable 
  

   damage 
  in 
  the 
  Northern 
  Circars. 
  It 
  is 
  not 
  known 
  as 
  a 
  pest 
  in 
  the 
  

   southern 
  parts 
  of 
  Madras. 
  The 
  caterpillar 
  lives 
  inside 
  folded 
  leaves, 
  

   of 
  which 
  the 
  tip 
  is 
  fastened 
  over 
  the 
  broader 
  basal 
  part 
  ; 
  it 
  eats 
  the 
  

   leaf 
  tissue 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  leaves 
  become 
  whitened 
  and 
  sickly. 
  No 
  remedial 
  

   measures, 
  applicable 
  on 
  field 
  scale, 
  can 
  be 
  suggested 
  at 
  present. 
  

  

  Thysanoptera 
  : 
  — 
  Various 
  species 
  of 
  Thrips 
  occur 
  on 
  paddy, 
  but 
  

   they 
  have 
  not 
  been 
  worked 
  out. 
  

  

  Rhynchota 
  : 
  — 
  Menida 
  histrio, 
  F., 
  is 
  found 
  throughout 
  Southern 
  

   India 
  as 
  a 
  minor 
  pest 
  of 
  paddy 
  ; 
  also 
  on 
  w^heat, 
  choiam 
  and 
  pulses. 
  

   Collection 
  by 
  hand-nets 
  is 
  indicated 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  small 
  areas. 
  Tetroda 
  

   histeroides, 
  F., 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  at 
  Salem 
  and 
  Coimbatore 
  as 
  an 
  occasional 
  

   minor 
  pest 
  of 
  paddy. 
  Collection 
  by 
  hand 
  and 
  by 
  hand-nets 
  is 
  sug- 
  

   gested 
  on 
  small 
  areas. 
  Leptocorisa 
  varicornis, 
  F., 
  the 
  rice-bug, 
  occurs 
  

   throughout 
  Southern 
  India 
  as 
  a 
  serious 
  pest 
  of 
  paddy, 
  especially 
  on 
  

   the 
  West 
  Coast. 
  The 
  eggs 
  are 
  laid 
  in 
  rows 
  on 
  leaves 
  of 
  paddy 
  and 
  

   grasses. 
  The 
  bugs 
  especially 
  attack 
  the 
  ripening 
  grain, 
  sucking 
  the 
  

   milky 
  juice, 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  ears 
  turn 
  w^holly 
  or 
  partly 
  white, 
  no 
  grain 
  being 
  

   matured. 
  Collection 
  in 
  hand-nets 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  the 
  most 
  efficient 
  

   method 
  of 
  control. 
  Tettigoniella 
  spectra, 
  Dist., 
  a 
  small 
  white 
  Jassid, 
  

   occurs 
  throughout 
  Southern 
  India 
  in 
  paddy 
  fields. 
  It 
  has 
  not 
  actually 
  

   been 
  noted 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  pest, 
  but 
  may 
  at 
  times 
  do 
  some 
  damage. 
  The 
  

   adults 
  are 
  strongly 
  attracted 
  to 
  light 
  at 
  night, 
  and 
  this 
  fact 
  may 
  be 
  

   utilised 
  as 
  one 
  means 
  of 
  control. 
  Nephotettix 
  bipunctatus, 
  F., 
  occurs 
  

   on 
  paddy 
  on 
  the 
  plains 
  of 
  Southern 
  India 
  ; 
  it 
  is 
  probably 
  a 
  minor 
  

   pest. 
  The 
  adults 
  also 
  fly 
  freely 
  to 
  Hght. 
  

  

  Thrips 
  and 
  Cacao 
  Beetles. 
  — 
  Bull. 
  Dept. 
  Agric, 
  Trinidad 
  and 
  Tobago, 
  

   xii, 
  no. 
  72, 
  Aug. 
  1913, 
  pp. 
  66-70, 
  No. 
  74, 
  Oct. 
  1913, 
  p. 
  136. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Rorer 
  furnishes 
  the 
  following 
  report 
  on 
  the 
  cost 
  of 
  spraying 
  

   cacao. 
  Against 
  Thrips 
  it 
  is 
  necessary 
  to 
  spray 
  both 
  leaves 
  and 
  pods, 
  

   and 
  the 
  figures 
  given 
  are 
  for 
  this 
  method. 
  A 
  barrel 
  outfit, 
  costing 
  

   about 
  £10, 
  or 
  a 
  set 
  of 
  compressed 
  air 
  knapsack-sprayers, 
  costing 
  about 
  

   £20, 
  will, 
  under 
  favourable 
  conditions, 
  spray 
  about 
  500 
  trees 
  a 
  day 
  ; 
  

   so 
  if 
  it 
  is 
  necessary 
  to 
  spray 
  1,000 
  a 
  day, 
  from 
  £20 
  to 
  £40 
  must 
  be 
  

   invested 
  in 
  apparatus. 
  One 
  man 
  should 
  spray 
  at 
  least 
  75 
  trees 
  a 
  day, 
  

   or 
  100 
  if 
  they 
  are 
  small, 
  and 
  if 
  facilities 
  for 
  spraying 
  are 
  good, 
  so 
  that 
  15 
  

   men 
  should 
  be 
  well 
  able 
  to 
  cover 
  1,000 
  trees 
  a 
  day. 
  The 
  cost 
  of 
  the 
  spray 
  

   mixture 
  itself 
  depends 
  on 
  the 
  materials 
  and 
  quantity 
  used. 
  Bordeaux 
  

  

  