﻿are 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  killed 
  by 
  this 
  fungus. 
  This 
  is 
  also 
  the 
  case 
  in 
  IlHnois, 
  

   where 
  it 
  is 
  used 
  to 
  combat 
  an 
  insect 
  pest 
  of 
  Indian 
  corn. 
  In 
  Illinois 
  

   a 
  trial 
  is 
  being 
  made 
  of 
  burying 
  the 
  fungus 
  in 
  the 
  soil. 
  

  

  Two 
  Useful 
  Spray 
  Fluids. 
  — 
  Ind. 
  Tea 
  Assoc. 
  Scientific 
  Dept. 
  Quarterly 
  

   Jl, 
  Calcutta, 
  1913, 
  pt. 
  3, 
  pp. 
  79-84. 
  

  

  Bordeaux 
  mixture 
  attains 
  its 
  maximum 
  efficiency 
  when 
  the 
  copper 
  

   sulphate 
  and 
  lime 
  (calcium 
  hydrate) 
  are 
  mixed 
  in 
  the 
  exact 
  proportions 
  

   necessary 
  to 
  form 
  copper 
  hydrate. 
  Any 
  excess 
  of 
  either 
  constituent 
  

   impairs 
  the 
  activity 
  of 
  the 
  mixture, 
  and 
  loss 
  of 
  efficiency 
  means 
  loss 
  of 
  

   money. 
  A 
  properly 
  made 
  mixture 
  may 
  be 
  much 
  more 
  efficient 
  than 
  a 
  

   carelessly 
  made 
  one 
  containing 
  double 
  the 
  percentage 
  of 
  materials. 
  

   Besides 
  being 
  the 
  best 
  general 
  fungicide, 
  it 
  improves 
  the 
  health 
  of 
  the 
  

   plant, 
  and 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  proved 
  that 
  its 
  use 
  on 
  leaves 
  and 
  fruit 
  

   intended 
  for 
  human 
  consumption 
  is 
  in 
  no 
  way 
  detrimental 
  to 
  the 
  

   consumer. 
  The 
  following 
  quotation 
  from 
  the 
  eighth 
  report 
  of 
  the 
  

   Woburn 
  Experimental 
  Fruit 
  Farm 
  (1903) 
  explains 
  very 
  clearly 
  the 
  

   best 
  method 
  of 
  making 
  this 
  mixture 
  at 
  present 
  invented 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  " 
  One 
  hundred 
  gallons 
  of 
  such 
  mixture 
  is 
  prepared 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  — 
  

   Dissolve 
  6 
  lb. 
  6^ 
  oz. 
  of 
  crystallised 
  copper 
  sulphate 
  by 
  suspending 
  it 
  in 
  

   a 
  piece 
  of 
  sacking 
  in 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  gals, 
  of 
  water 
  in 
  a 
  wooden 
  or 
  earthen- 
  

   ware 
  vessel. 
  Take 
  about 
  3 
  lb. 
  of 
  good 
  quicklime 
  and 
  slake 
  it 
  in 
  a 
  little 
  

   water, 
  then 
  put 
  it 
  into 
  a 
  tub 
  with 
  120 
  gals, 
  of 
  soft 
  water. 
  Stir 
  the 
  

   lime 
  and 
  water, 
  then 
  leave 
  it 
  to 
  settle 
  until 
  the 
  liquid 
  is 
  quite 
  clear. 
  

   Run 
  off 
  86 
  gals, 
  of 
  the 
  clear 
  lime-water 
  and 
  mix 
  it 
  with 
  the 
  copper 
  

   sulphate. 
  Make 
  up 
  to 
  100 
  gallons 
  with 
  soft 
  water. 
  However 
  the 
  

   Bordeaux 
  mixture 
  is 
  made, 
  it 
  is 
  important 
  to 
  make 
  sure 
  that 
  all 
  the 
  

   copper 
  is 
  thrown 
  down. 
  The 
  most 
  certain 
  test 
  that 
  fruit-growers 
  can 
  

   use 
  is 
  to 
  put 
  a 
  few 
  drops 
  of 
  a 
  solution 
  of 
  potassium 
  ferrocyanide 
  into 
  

   a 
  white 
  saucer 
  with 
  some 
  water, 
  and 
  to 
  drop 
  into 
  this 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  clear 
  

   hquid 
  after 
  the 
  Bordeaux 
  mixture 
  has 
  settled. 
  A 
  red 
  or 
  brown 
  colour 
  

   shows 
  that 
  there 
  is 
  copper 
  in 
  solution, 
  and 
  more 
  lime 
  water 
  must 
  be 
  

   added 
  until 
  the 
  test 
  shows 
  no 
  coloration." 
  

  

  Originally 
  used 
  as 
  a 
  sheep-dip, 
  lime-sulphur 
  has 
  been 
  proved 
  to 
  be 
  

   one 
  of 
  the 
  best 
  fluids 
  for 
  winter 
  application 
  to 
  dormant 
  trees, 
  both 
  as 
  a 
  

   fungicide 
  and 
  as 
  an 
  insecticide, 
  and 
  it 
  has 
  the 
  additional 
  advantage 
  

   of 
  stimulating 
  the 
  growth 
  of 
  the 
  plant. 
  The 
  lime 
  used 
  should 
  be 
  the 
  

   best 
  commercial 
  quicklime 
  (stone 
  or 
  lump 
  stone) 
  ; 
  air-slacked 
  lime 
  

   is 
  useless. 
  It 
  is 
  most 
  undesirable 
  that 
  more 
  than 
  five 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  

   magnesium 
  oxide 
  be 
  present. 
  To 
  test 
  the 
  amount 
  of 
  impurity 
  in 
  

   quickhme, 
  the 
  following 
  simple 
  method 
  is 
  useful. 
  The 
  apparatus 
  

   required 
  consists 
  of 
  (1) 
  a 
  glass 
  cylinder 
  about 
  2\ 
  inches 
  in 
  diameter 
  

   and 
  15 
  inches 
  high, 
  which 
  should 
  be 
  graduated 
  in 
  cubic 
  centimetres, 
  

   and 
  (2) 
  a 
  boiling 
  vessel 
  to 
  hold 
  about 
  three 
  pints. 
  A 
  quart 
  of 
  water 
  

   should 
  be 
  poured 
  into 
  the 
  vessel, 
  and 
  the 
  level 
  at 
  which 
  it 
  stands 
  should 
  

   be 
  marked 
  on 
  a 
  piece 
  of 
  stick 
  held 
  vertically 
  ; 
  then 
  pour 
  out 
  the 
  

   water. 
  Weigh 
  out 
  carefully 
  2 
  oz. 
  of 
  the 
  lime 
  to 
  be 
  tested, 
  place 
  in 
  the 
  

   vessel 
  and 
  slake 
  with 
  water, 
  adding 
  the 
  water 
  gradually, 
  not 
  covering 
  

   up 
  the 
  lime 
  with 
  it 
  until 
  the 
  slaking 
  is 
  complete. 
  Then 
  stir 
  the 
  

   slaked 
  Hme 
  into 
  a 
  paste 
  with 
  more 
  water, 
  continuing 
  to 
  add 
  water 
  until 
  

   the 
  level 
  marked 
  on 
  the 
  stick 
  is 
  reached, 
  and 
  then 
  boil. 
  Weigh 
  4 
  oz. 
  

   of 
  flowers 
  of 
  sulphur 
  and 
  stir 
  vigorously 
  into 
  the 
  boiling 
  lime-water. 
  

  

  