﻿89 
  

  

  Treatment 
  : 
  — 
  (1) 
  Failing 
  bulbs 
  and 
  plants 
  should 
  be 
  removed 
  from 
  

   the 
  beds 
  and 
  destroyed 
  ; 
  (2) 
  destruction 
  of 
  all 
  decayed 
  and 
  infested 
  

   bulbs 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  lifting 
  and 
  also, 
  especially 
  in 
  case 
  of 
  importation, 
  

   before 
  planting 
  ; 
  in 
  daffodil-growing 
  grounds, 
  where 
  some 
  years 
  ago 
  

   Merodon 
  was 
  proving 
  a 
  great 
  pest, 
  the 
  persistent 
  examination 
  for, 
  

   and 
  destruction 
  of, 
  sickly 
  bulbs 
  has 
  resulted 
  in 
  its 
  being 
  the 
  rarest 
  

   occurrence 
  now 
  to 
  find 
  a 
  Merodon 
  ; 
  (3) 
  sifting 
  the 
  surface 
  layers 
  of 
  

   the 
  soil, 
  where 
  this 
  is 
  practicable, 
  for 
  pupae 
  ; 
  in 
  Holland 
  the 
  surface 
  

   layers 
  are 
  searched 
  about 
  the 
  time 
  that 
  the 
  plants 
  are 
  coming 
  into 
  

   flower 
  ; 
  (4) 
  steeping 
  the 
  bulbs 
  in 
  water 
  for 
  from 
  two 
  to 
  eight 
  days, 
  

   in 
  order 
  to 
  drive 
  out 
  and 
  drown 
  the 
  larvae 
  ; 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  experiments 
  

   show 
  that 
  while 
  good 
  results 
  may 
  follow, 
  there 
  are 
  failures 
  also 
  ; 
  (5) 
  

   catching 
  the 
  flies 
  w4th 
  hand-nets 
  ; 
  this 
  is 
  a 
  valuable 
  measure. 
  

  

  Theobald, 
  in 
  his 
  second 
  British 
  Museum 
  Report 
  (1904), 
  recorded 
  

   the 
  finding 
  in 
  bulbs 
  of 
  narcissus 
  of 
  another 
  Syrphid 
  larva, 
  which 
  proved 
  

   to 
  be 
  Eumerus 
  strigatus, 
  Fall. 
  It 
  infests 
  onions, 
  shalots 
  and 
  the 
  bulbs 
  of 
  

   the 
  hyacinth, 
  either 
  alone 
  or 
  along 
  with 
  Merodon. 
  A 
  number 
  of 
  

   Eumerus 
  larvae 
  may 
  be 
  present 
  in 
  a 
  single 
  bulb. 
  Infested 
  bulbs 
  become 
  

   discoloured, 
  and 
  rot 
  away. 
  The 
  author 
  has 
  found 
  numbers 
  of 
  Sciara 
  

   larvae 
  in 
  bulbs 
  of 
  Glory 
  of 
  Leiden 
  and 
  Duchess 
  of 
  Westminster, 
  and 
  has 
  

   at 
  different 
  times 
  bred 
  species 
  of 
  several 
  genera 
  of 
  Mycetophilidae 
  

   from 
  decaying 
  bulbs. 
  

  

  PiCARD 
  (F.). 
  Le 
  Cleonus 
  mendicus 
  et 
  le 
  Lixus 
  scabricollis, 
  Charancons 
  

   nuisibles 
  a 
  la 
  Betterave 
  dans 
  le 
  midi 
  de 
  la 
  France. 
  [Cleonus 
  

   {Temnorrhinus) 
  mendicus 
  and 
  Lixus 
  scabricollis, 
  Weevil 
  Pests 
  of 
  

   Beetroot 
  in 
  the 
  South 
  of 
  France.] 
  — 
  Bull. 
  Soc. 
  d' 
  Etude 
  et 
  de 
  

   Vulgarisation 
  Zool. 
  Agric, 
  Bordeaux, 
  xii, 
  no. 
  5, 
  Oct. 
  1913, 
  pp. 
  129- 
  

   137, 
  1 
  pi. 
  

  

  Though 
  not 
  so 
  largely 
  grown 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  North 
  of 
  France, 
  beetroot 
  is 
  

   also 
  cultivated 
  in 
  the 
  Mediterranean 
  region, 
  where 
  its 
  pests 
  are 
  

   generally 
  of 
  species 
  different 
  from 
  those 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  northern 
  pro- 
  

   vinces. 
  Though 
  the 
  black 
  aphis 
  (Aphis 
  euonymi, 
  F.), 
  and 
  the 
  beet 
  fly 
  

   (Pegomia 
  hyoscyami, 
  Meig.) 
  occur 
  nearly 
  everywhere, 
  the 
  flea-beetle 
  

   {Chaetocnema 
  tibialis, 
  Ilhg.) 
  and 
  the 
  beet 
  moth 
  (Phthorimaea 
  ocellatella, 
  

   Boyd) 
  become 
  commoner 
  as 
  one 
  advances 
  southwards. 
  The 
  w^eevils, 
  

   Temnorrhinus 
  mendicus, 
  Gryl., 
  Bothynoderes 
  punctiventris, 
  Germ., 
  and 
  

   Lixus 
  scabricollis. 
  Boh., 
  are 
  exclusively 
  southern 
  species. 
  Valery 
  

   Mayet 
  has 
  studied 
  T. 
  mendicus 
  thoroughly, 
  but 
  Lixus 
  scabricollis 
  and 
  

   its 
  habits 
  are 
  nearly 
  unknown. 
  After 
  emerging 
  in 
  autumn 
  the 
  adult 
  

   Temnorrhinus 
  passes 
  the 
  winter 
  underground 
  and 
  appears 
  in 
  April 
  or 
  

   May. 
  The 
  date 
  of 
  its 
  appearance 
  depends 
  solely 
  on 
  climatic 
  conditions, 
  

   and 
  thus 
  all 
  the 
  beet 
  fields 
  are 
  invaded 
  simultaneously. 
  If 
  alternate 
  

   •crops 
  are 
  grown 
  the 
  weevils 
  travel 
  immediately 
  to 
  the 
  new 
  ground, 
  

   guided 
  apparently 
  by 
  their 
  sense 
  of 
  smell. 
  The 
  eggs 
  are 
  laid 
  in 
  the 
  

   ground 
  near 
  the 
  collar 
  of 
  the 
  plants, 
  and 
  by 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  May 
  almost 
  

   every 
  adult 
  is 
  dead. 
  Because 
  of 
  its 
  earthy 
  colour 
  and 
  its 
  habit 
  of 
  

   remaining 
  under 
  clods 
  or 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  plant 
  the 
  insect 
  is 
  not 
  always 
  

   noticed 
  by 
  cultivators, 
  and 
  even 
  a 
  severe 
  infestation 
  can 
  only 
  be 
  

   detected 
  by 
  a 
  careful 
  examination. 
  On 
  hatching, 
  the 
  larva 
  tunnels 
  

   the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  young 
  root. 
  Later 
  on 
  the 
  hole 
  is 
  increased 
  in 
  size, 
  

   but 
  is 
  not 
  made 
  deeper. 
  The 
  work 
  tends 
  downwards, 
  and 
  only 
  the 
  

   (Cii) 
  c 
  

  

  