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  Parker 
  (W.). 
  A 
  sealed 
  Paper 
  Carton 
  to 
  protect 
  Cereals 
  from 
  insect 
  

   attack.— 
  C/.iS. 
  Dept. 
  Agric, 
  Washiugtou, 
  Bull. 
  15, 
  IGth 
  Oct. 
  1913, 
  

   8 
  pp. 
  8 
  figs. 
  

  

  The 
  injury 
  done 
  by 
  insects 
  to 
  packed 
  cereals 
  causes 
  a 
  financial 
  loss 
  

   much 
  greater 
  than 
  most 
  millers 
  suppose. 
  Examination 
  of 
  infested 
  

   packages 
  showed 
  that 
  infestation 
  usually 
  commenced 
  where 
  there 
  was 
  

   a 
  hole 
  in 
  the 
  package 
  ; 
  carefully 
  sealed 
  packages 
  appeared 
  intact. 
  

   The 
  more 
  important 
  insects 
  attacking 
  stored 
  cereal 
  products 
  are 
  the 
  

   Indian-meal 
  moth 
  (Plodia 
  inter 
  punctella, 
  Hiibn), 
  the 
  Mediterranean 
  

   flour 
  moth 
  {Ephestia 
  kuehniella, 
  ZelL), 
  the 
  meal 
  snout-moth 
  {Pyralis 
  

   farinalis, 
  L.), 
  the 
  saw-toothed 
  grain 
  beetle 
  [Sihanus 
  si/rinamensis. 
  L.), 
  

   the 
  confused 
  flour 
  beetle 
  {Triholium 
  confusum, 
  Duv.), 
  the 
  granary 
  

   weevil 
  (Calandra 
  granaria, 
  L.), 
  and 
  the 
  rice 
  weevil 
  (C. 
  oryzae. 
  L.). 
  

   The 
  cereal 
  is 
  sterilised 
  prior 
  to 
  being 
  packed, 
  and 
  when 
  insects 
  are 
  found 
  

   in 
  packages, 
  the 
  eggs, 
  larvae, 
  or 
  adults 
  have 
  gained 
  access 
  to 
  the 
  cereal 
  

   after, 
  or 
  shortly 
  before, 
  the 
  cereal 
  was 
  packed. 
  In 
  an 
  experiment 
  

   to 
  test 
  the 
  efliciency 
  of 
  a 
  cheap 
  sealed 
  carton, 
  a 
  cereal 
  was 
  sterilised 
  

   and 
  placed 
  in 
  sterilised 
  packages. 
  Had 
  any 
  insects 
  or 
  eggs 
  been 
  in 
  the 
  

   packet, 
  the 
  temperature 
  of 
  180° 
  F. 
  used 
  for 
  sterilisation 
  of 
  the 
  cereal 
  

   would, 
  undoubtedly, 
  have 
  killed 
  them. 
  The 
  packages 
  were 
  closed 
  by 
  

   glueing 
  the 
  ends, 
  but 
  some 
  were 
  covered 
  ^vith 
  label 
  paper, 
  so 
  that 
  there 
  

   were 
  no 
  openings. 
  Some 
  labelled 
  and 
  some 
  unlabelled 
  packages 
  were 
  

   placed 
  in 
  boxes 
  with 
  flour 
  badly 
  infested 
  by 
  the 
  confused 
  flour 
  beetle. 
  

   Tables 
  of 
  the 
  results 
  of 
  the 
  experiment 
  show 
  the 
  label 
  to 
  be 
  efficient 
  

   in 
  preventing 
  insects 
  entering 
  the 
  cartons. 
  Infestation 
  may 
  take 
  place 
  

   in 
  the 
  cereal 
  elevator 
  leading 
  from 
  the 
  steriliser 
  to 
  the 
  packing 
  room 
  or 
  

   in 
  the 
  grocer's 
  storeroom. 
  In 
  drying 
  non-flaky 
  cereals 
  a 
  sterile 
  chute 
  

   with 
  baffles, 
  through 
  which 
  hot 
  dry 
  air 
  is 
  blown, 
  would 
  be 
  effective. 
  

   In 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  flaky 
  cereals, 
  a 
  belt-elevator 
  is 
  necessary, 
  but 
  this 
  can 
  be 
  

   inclosed 
  and 
  the 
  hot 
  air 
  used 
  as 
  before. 
  Both 
  elevators 
  should 
  be 
  so 
  

   constructed, 
  that 
  they 
  can 
  be 
  readily 
  sterilised 
  with 
  air 
  at 
  a 
  temperature 
  

   above 
  180° 
  F. 
  The 
  sealed 
  carton 
  may 
  be 
  made 
  of 
  a 
  stiff 
  cardboard. 
  

   The 
  printed 
  label 
  should 
  be 
  of 
  three 
  pieces, 
  two 
  ends 
  which 
  lap 
  over 
  the 
  

   edges 
  and 
  extend 
  down 
  the 
  side, 
  and 
  a 
  side 
  piece. 
  Care 
  must 
  be 
  taken 
  

   to 
  seal 
  the 
  ends 
  of 
  the 
  carton 
  properly 
  before 
  applying 
  the 
  label. 
  

   Another 
  package 
  has 
  been 
  suggested, 
  namely, 
  the 
  placing 
  of 
  a 
  sealed 
  

   paper 
  bag 
  inside 
  an 
  ordinary 
  carton. 
  This 
  has 
  proved 
  to 
  be 
  no 
  better 
  

   than 
  the 
  old-style 
  packages. 
  In 
  a 
  large 
  flour 
  mill 
  in 
  California, 
  160 
  lb. 
  

   steam 
  is 
  used 
  as 
  a 
  source 
  of 
  heat, 
  and 
  a 
  carrier 
  eight 
  feet 
  long, 
  with 
  its 
  

   load 
  of 
  cereal, 
  can 
  be 
  heated 
  to 
  180° 
  F. 
  in 
  two 
  minutes, 
  by 
  this 
  means, 
  

   without 
  difficultv. 
  

  

  Chittenden 
  (F. 
  H.). 
  The 
  Rose 
  Slug-Caterpillar. 
  — 
  U.S. 
  Dept. 
  Agric. 
  ^ 
  

   Bur. 
  Entom., 
  Washington, 
  Bull. 
  124, 
  31st 
  Oct. 
  1913, 
  9 
  pp. 
  I 
  fig. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  only 
  within 
  comparatively 
  recent 
  years 
  that 
  the 
  slug-like 
  

   caterpillar, 
  Euclea 
  indetermina, 
  Boisd., 
  has 
  been 
  known 
  to 
  injure 
  the 
  

   rose, 
  though 
  the 
  larvae 
  appear 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  known 
  since 
  1797. 
  

   Synonyms 
  of 
  E. 
  indetermina 
  are 
  Callochroa 
  viridis, 
  Beak., 
  C. 
  vernata, 
  

   Pack., 
  and 
  Parsa 
  chloris, 
  Grote. 
  It 
  is 
  not 
  a 
  common 
  species, 
  and 
  as 
  

   it 
  is 
  of 
  interest 
  to 
  rose-growers 
  and 
  to 
  nurserymen, 
  the 
  author 
  gives 
  

   illustrations 
  and 
  a 
  brief 
  description 
  of 
  it. 
  The 
  larva 
  has 
  been 
  observed 
  

  

  