﻿97 
  

  

  ten 
  days' 
  duration, 
  and 
  no 
  doubt 
  it 
  destroys 
  numbers 
  of 
  very 
  small 
  

   nymphs 
  wherever 
  these 
  are 
  abundant. 
  In 
  two 
  instances 
  adult 
  fro<,f- 
  

   hoppers 
  were 
  found 
  killed 
  by 
  the 
  maggot, 
  which 
  had 
  attacked 
  them 
  

   when 
  they 
  had 
  just 
  issued 
  from 
  the 
  last 
  nymphal 
  instar 
  and 
  were 
  too 
  

   soft 
  to 
  escape 
  from 
  surrounding 
  froth. 
  Besides 
  the 
  nymphs 
  of 
  

   Tomaspis 
  saccJiarina 
  (the 
  sugar-cane 
  froghopper) 
  it 
  kills 
  those 
  of 
  

   T. 
  pubescens 
  (the 
  black 
  froghopper). 
  It 
  travels 
  from 
  froth 
  to 
  froth 
  

   fairly 
  rapidly, 
  and 
  is 
  able 
  to 
  follow 
  the 
  nymphs 
  under 
  the 
  soil. 
  The 
  

   fly 
  itself 
  resembles 
  very 
  closely 
  a 
  small 
  black 
  wasp 
  with 
  some 
  yellow 
  

   markings 
  on 
  the 
  thorax 
  and 
  abdomen. 
  Even 
  when 
  the 
  fly 
  is 
  settled, 
  

   it 
  continues 
  to 
  move 
  its 
  abdomen 
  in 
  and 
  out, 
  just 
  as 
  a 
  wasp 
  does. 
  This 
  

   fly 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  important 
  enemies 
  of 
  the 
  froghopper. 
  It 
  is 
  hoped 
  

   to 
  breed 
  it 
  successfully 
  on 
  a 
  large 
  scale 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  get 
  it 
  started 
  earlier 
  in 
  

   the 
  season. 
  

  

  CiMATTi 
  (V.). 
  Per 
  la 
  difesa 
  dei 
  nostri 
  agrumi. 
  [The 
  protection 
  of 
  our 
  

   citrus 
  hmts. 
  ]—Rivista 
  di 
  Agricoltura, 
  Parma, 
  xix, 
  no. 
  49, 
  5th 
  Dec. 
  

   1913, 
  pp. 
  782-784. 
  

  

  In 
  1910, 
  Italy 
  sustained 
  a 
  loss 
  of 
  about 
  £40,000,000 
  through 
  insect 
  

   pests. 
  A 
  most 
  dangerous 
  one, 
  which 
  threatens 
  to 
  spread 
  among 
  the 
  

   citrus 
  plants, 
  is 
  Chrysomphalus 
  dictyospermi 
  var. 
  pinnulifera 
  (bianca- 
  

   rossa). 
  Lime-sulphur 
  is 
  useful 
  for 
  its 
  control, 
  and 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  con- 
  

   clusions 
  arrived 
  at 
  by 
  Martelli 
  after 
  long 
  and 
  repeated 
  experiments 
  

   with 
  this 
  insecticide 
  are 
  : 
  The 
  purity 
  of 
  the 
  lime 
  is 
  of 
  prime 
  importance. 
  

   The 
  Hme 
  must 
  contain 
  90 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  calcium 
  oxide, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  10 
  per 
  

   cent, 
  of 
  impurity 
  the 
  magnesium 
  oxide 
  must 
  not 
  exceed 
  5 
  per 
  cent. 
  

   The 
  sulphur 
  must 
  be 
  of 
  a 
  very 
  high 
  degree 
  of 
  purity 
  (98 
  per 
  cent.), 
  and 
  

   in 
  almost 
  impalpable 
  powder. 
  

  

  The 
  larvae 
  of 
  Prays 
  citri, 
  Mil. 
  (tignuola, 
  zagara) 
  ruins 
  the 
  orange- 
  

   blossoms. 
  The 
  following 
  spray 
  formula 
  is 
  given 
  : 
  20 
  gals, 
  water, 
  

   22 
  lb. 
  molasses, 
  22 
  lb. 
  dregs 
  of 
  lime 
  juice 
  essence, 
  and 
  2 
  gals, 
  water 
  in 
  

   which 
  4 
  J 
  lb. 
  of 
  sodium 
  arsenite 
  have 
  been 
  dissolved. 
  Spray 
  in 
  May, 
  repeat 
  

   10 
  days 
  later 
  ; 
  then 
  apply 
  again 
  in 
  June 
  and 
  repeat 
  as 
  before. 
  Another 
  

   pest 
  of 
  citrus 
  plants, 
  Pseudococcus 
  citri, 
  Risso, 
  causes 
  the 
  white 
  mould 
  

   (muff 
  a 
  bianca 
  or 
  cutuneddu), 
  which 
  is 
  nearly 
  always 
  accompanied 
  by 
  

   fumaggine. 
  The 
  following 
  emulsion 
  is 
  suggested 
  : 
  6 
  lb. 
  soap 
  (soft 
  or 
  

   hard), 
  IJ 
  pts. 
  petroleum, 
  20 
  gals, 
  water. 
  It 
  should 
  be 
  applied, 
  as 
  usual, 
  

   in 
  June. 
  

  

  Chittenden 
  (F. 
  J.). 
  On 
  Beans 
  damaged 
  by 
  Beetles. 
  — 
  J 
  J. 
  R. 
  Hort. 
  

   Soc, 
  London, 
  xxxix, 
  pt. 
  2, 
  Dec. 
  1913, 
  pp. 
  379-380. 
  

  

  In 
  some 
  seasons 
  a 
  considerable 
  proportion 
  of 
  the 
  seed 
  of 
  broad-beans 
  

   offered 
  for 
  sale 
  is 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  damaged 
  by 
  a 
  boring 
  beetle, 
  Bruchus 
  

   rufimanus. 
  Boh., 
  often 
  wrongly 
  called 
  the 
  bean 
  weevil. 
  The 
  question 
  

   arises 
  whether 
  the 
  damaged 
  seeds 
  may 
  be 
  sown 
  with 
  a 
  prospect 
  of 
  

   reaping 
  a 
  crop. 
  As 
  it 
  would 
  be 
  manifestly 
  unwise 
  to 
  sow 
  the 
  beetles 
  

   as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  seeds, 
  it 
  is 
  recommended 
  first 
  of 
  all 
  to 
  destroy 
  the 
  beetles 
  

   in 
  the 
  seed 
  by 
  fumigating 
  with 
  carbon 
  bisulphide 
  (3 
  lb. 
  to 
  1,000 
  cubic 
  

   feet 
  of 
  space) 
  for 
  48 
  hours. 
  Experiments 
  have 
  shown 
  that 
  seeds 
  thus 
  

   treated 
  have 
  produced 
  plants 
  as 
  strong 
  and 
  as 
  healthy 
  as 
  those 
  from 
  

  

  