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  Tvhite 
  grubs, 
  which 
  eat 
  out 
  galleries 
  through 
  the 
  softest 
  tissue, 
  thereby 
  

   destroying 
  the 
  heart 
  of 
  the 
  palm 
  cabbage. 
  

  

  The 
  Rhinoceros 
  Beetle 
  is 
  common 
  from 
  India 
  to 
  the 
  Philippine 
  

   Islands, 
  wherever 
  large 
  palms 
  abound. 
  In 
  Africa 
  its 
  place 
  is 
  taken 
  by 
  

   0. 
  monoceros 
  and 
  0. 
  boas, 
  which 
  attack 
  palms 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  way. 
  In 
  

   Madagascar 
  are 
  six 
  other 
  species 
  of 
  palm-attacking 
  Oryctes. 
  In 
  the 
  

   Island 
  of 
  Reunion 
  there 
  are 
  two 
  species. 
  Tropical 
  America 
  has 
  a 
  

   -closely 
  allied 
  genus, 
  Strategus, 
  which 
  furnishes 
  at 
  least 
  one 
  species 
  of 
  

   similar 
  habits. 
  Allied 
  genera, 
  Pi))ieIopus 
  and 
  Scapanes 
  in 
  New 
  Guinea, 
  

   and 
  Camehnotus 
  in 
  America, 
  attack 
  young 
  palms, 
  burrowing 
  into 
  their 
  

   stems 
  from 
  the 
  ground. 
  The 
  Palm 
  Weevil 
  of 
  Asia, 
  occurs 
  in 
  India, 
  

   Ceylon, 
  and 
  eastward 
  to 
  the 
  Philippine 
  Islands. 
  It 
  is 
  replaced 
  by 
  

   B. 
  phoenicis 
  in 
  tropical 
  Africa, 
  and 
  by 
  the 
  allied 
  R. 
  palmanmi 
  and 
  

   R. 
  cruentatus 
  in 
  tropical 
  America. 
  

  

  As 
  to 
  the 
  extent 
  of 
  the 
  damage 
  done 
  by 
  the 
  Rhinoceros 
  Beetle 
  m 
  

   Samoa, 
  about 
  the 
  beginning 
  of 
  1912, 
  an 
  official 
  statement 
  was 
  made 
  that 
  

   150 
  trees 
  had 
  been 
  destroyed 
  and 
  6,000 
  to 
  8,000, 
  or 
  one-fifth 
  of 
  the 
  others 
  

   in 
  affected 
  areas, 
  had 
  received 
  damage 
  enough 
  to 
  postpone 
  their 
  yielding 
  

   for 
  one 
  or 
  two 
  years. 
  Measures 
  taken 
  to 
  cope 
  with 
  the 
  beetle 
  con- 
  

   sisted 
  of 
  collecting 
  the 
  grubs, 
  and 
  trapping 
  the 
  beetle 
  in 
  holes 
  dug 
  in 
  

   the 
  ground 
  and 
  filled 
  with 
  material 
  such 
  as 
  rotting 
  stumps, 
  which 
  afiord 
  

   suitable 
  breeding 
  places 
  for 
  the 
  insect 
  ; 
  the 
  traps 
  were 
  visited 
  

   periodically 
  and 
  the 
  beetles 
  killed 
  by 
  suffocation 
  with 
  carbon 
  bisul- 
  

   phide. 
  These 
  methods 
  were, 
  however, 
  expensive. 
  The 
  method 
  

   adopted 
  now 
  against 
  both 
  the 
  Rhinoceros 
  Beetle 
  and 
  the 
  Palm 
  Weevil 
  

   consists 
  in 
  removing 
  every 
  kind 
  of 
  material 
  from 
  the 
  plantation 
  which 
  

   would 
  offer 
  a 
  suitable 
  breeding 
  place 
  for 
  the 
  beetles 
  — 
  not 
  only 
  palm 
  

   stumps, 
  but 
  also 
  all 
  sorts 
  of 
  decaying 
  vegetation, 
  etc. 
  For 
  the 
  

   removal 
  of 
  dead 
  trees 
  and 
  stumps 
  the 
  author 
  advocates 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  

   explosives. 
  Experiments 
  made 
  to 
  find 
  the 
  quantity 
  of 
  explosive 
  

   necessary 
  to 
  destroy 
  trees 
  and 
  stumps 
  showed 
  that 
  to 
  blow 
  a 
  stump 
  

   completely 
  to 
  pieces, 
  four 
  cartridges 
  of 
  blasting 
  gelatine, 
  placed 
  in 
  

   a 
  hole 
  drilled 
  in 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  stump, 
  were 
  sufficient 
  ; 
  four 
  cartridges 
  

   of 
  blasting 
  gelatine 
  similarly 
  placed 
  in 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  a 
  standing 
  dead 
  tree 
  

   and 
  exploded, 
  brought 
  it 
  down, 
  leaving 
  in 
  the 
  ground 
  insufficient 
  

   material 
  to 
  serve 
  as 
  a 
  breeding 
  place 
  for 
  the 
  beetle 
  ; 
  four 
  cartridges 
  

   of 
  gefignite 
  did 
  not 
  sufiice 
  to 
  do 
  the 
  work 
  thoroughly, 
  nor 
  were 
  three 
  

   cartridges 
  of 
  blasting 
  gelatine 
  quite 
  sufficient. 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  palms 
  are 
  recorded 
  as 
  attacked 
  by 
  the 
  Rhinoceros 
  

   Beetle 
  : 
  — 
  Cocos 
  nucifera 
  (Coconut), 
  C. 
  plumosa, 
  Martinezia 
  caryotaefolia, 
  

   Phoenix 
  dactylifera 
  (date 
  palm), 
  P. 
  sylvestris, 
  Livistona 
  chinensis, 
  

   V 
  erschaffeltia 
  splendida, 
  Dicfyosperma 
  album, 
  Hyophorbe 
  amaricavlus, 
  

   EJaeis 
  guineensis 
  (African 
  oil 
  palm), 
  Corypha 
  umbracuUfera 
  (Talipot 
  

   palm), 
  C 
  gebanga, 
  and 
  Borassus 
  flabelliformis. 
  The 
  following 
  are 
  

   recorded 
  as 
  attacked 
  by 
  the 
  Palm 
  Weevil 
  : 
  — 
  Oreodoxa 
  regia 
  (Royal 
  palm) 
  

   Borassus 
  flabelliformis, 
  Phoenix 
  sylvestris, 
  and 
  the 
  author 
  has 
  found 
  it 
  

   on 
  Arenga 
  saccharifera 
  and 
  Elaeis 
  guineensis. 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  papers 
  containing 
  detailed 
  accounts 
  of 
  the 
  life-history, 
  

   habits 
  and 
  methods 
  of 
  combating 
  these 
  beetles 
  are 
  referred 
  to 
  : 
  — 
  

   Gehrmann, 
  in 
  Der 
  Tropenpflanzer, 
  xv 
  (1911) 
  pp. 
  92 
  ; 
  Friederichs, 
  K., 
  

   in 
  the 
  same, 
  xvii 
  (1913) 
  pp. 
  538 
  [see 
  this 
  Review, 
  Ser. 
  A., 
  ii, 
  p. 
  26] 
  ; 
  

   Jepson, 
  F. 
  J., 
  Bull. 
  No. 
  3, 
  Dept. 
  Agric, 
  Fiji, 
  (1912) 
  ; 
  Preuss, 
  Der 
  

   Tropenpflanzer, 
  xv 
  (1911), 
  p. 
  73 
  ; 
  McKenna, 
  J., 
  and 
  Shroff, 
  K. 
  D., 
  

  

  