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  summarising 
  his 
  observations 
  on 
  the 
  mode 
  of 
  oviposition 
  by 
  one 
  female, 
  

   which 
  deposited 
  in 
  one 
  and 
  a 
  half 
  months 
  690 
  eggs 
  in 
  47 
  heaps 
  ; 
  in 
  

   favourable 
  weather 
  there 
  were 
  up 
  to 
  five 
  ovipositions 
  daily, 
  while 
  in 
  

   bad 
  weather 
  none 
  took 
  place, 
  Oviposition 
  proceeds 
  from 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  

   March 
  to 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  June, 
  but 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  the 
  beetles 
  decreases 
  

   noticeably 
  from 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  June. 
  

  

  The 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  inside 
  the 
  eggs 
  occupies 
  from 
  four 
  to 
  

   21 
  days, 
  depending 
  chiefly 
  on 
  the 
  weather 
  conditions 
  ; 
  apparently 
  

   the 
  larvae 
  which 
  issue 
  first 
  remain 
  inside 
  the 
  egg-cluster 
  till 
  the 
  other 
  

   larvae 
  appear, 
  as 
  their 
  exit 
  from 
  the 
  heap 
  always 
  takes 
  place 
  at 
  the 
  

   same 
  time. 
  The 
  author 
  describes 
  and 
  figures 
  the 
  various 
  stages 
  of 
  

   the 
  larvae, 
  the 
  progressive 
  changes 
  in 
  their 
  habits, 
  and 
  the 
  injuries 
  

   done 
  to 
  the 
  leaves. 
  The 
  cocoon 
  is 
  constructed 
  among 
  the 
  leaves, 
  

   three, 
  or 
  sometimes 
  only 
  two, 
  leaves 
  being 
  drawn 
  together 
  into 
  the 
  form 
  

   of 
  a 
  tube. 
  The 
  pupal 
  stage 
  lasts 
  from 
  six 
  to 
  eleven 
  days. 
  

  

  Parasites 
  were 
  found 
  of 
  all 
  the 
  stages 
  of 
  Phytonomus 
  mitrmus. 
  The 
  

   eggs 
  are 
  attacked 
  by 
  a 
  small 
  Pteromalid, 
  which 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  identified. 
  

   This 
  insect 
  proved 
  to 
  be 
  an 
  external 
  parasite, 
  laying 
  only 
  one 
  egg 
  in 
  an 
  

   egg-heap 
  of 
  the 
  Phytonomus 
  ; 
  the 
  larva, 
  after 
  feeding 
  on 
  the 
  eggs 
  of 
  

   the 
  host, 
  pupates 
  without 
  a 
  cocoon 
  inside 
  the 
  heap, 
  the 
  pupal 
  stage 
  

   lasting 
  13-15 
  days. 
  The 
  whole 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  parasite 
  lasts 
  from 
  

   three 
  to 
  four 
  weeks, 
  so 
  that 
  only 
  two 
  broods 
  of 
  it 
  appear 
  during 
  the 
  

   summer 
  ; 
  in 
  the 
  year 
  of 
  the 
  author's 
  investigations, 
  the 
  percentage 
  

   of 
  eggs 
  infested 
  by 
  this 
  parasite 
  was 
  13* 
  33. 
  

  

  Canidiella 
  curculionis, 
  Thoms., 
  infested 
  3*16 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  

   of 
  P. 
  murinus. 
  This 
  external 
  parasite 
  attacks 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  the 
  host 
  

   in 
  their 
  latest 
  stages, 
  and 
  the 
  infested 
  larvae 
  prepare 
  a 
  cocoon, 
  but 
  do 
  

   not 
  pupate. 
  The 
  parasitic 
  larva 
  pupates 
  inside 
  the 
  cocoon 
  of 
  the 
  

   beetle 
  remaining 
  there 
  during 
  its 
  whole 
  pupal 
  stage, 
  which 
  for 
  the 
  

   second 
  generation 
  of 
  the 
  parasite 
  lasts 
  through 
  the 
  winter. 
  The 
  

   cocoon 
  of 
  the 
  parasite 
  possesses 
  a 
  remarkable 
  power 
  of 
  jumping, 
  which 
  

   the 
  author 
  explains, 
  accompanying 
  his 
  explanations 
  by 
  drawings. 
  

   He 
  suggests 
  that 
  the 
  purpose 
  of 
  this 
  jumping 
  is 
  either 
  to 
  protect 
  the 
  

   pupa 
  from 
  hyperparasites, 
  or 
  gradually 
  to 
  destroy 
  the 
  cocoon 
  of 
  the 
  

   host. 
  Some 
  undetermined 
  Pteromalidae 
  were 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  hyper- 
  

   parasites 
  of 
  C. 
  curculionis 
  ; 
  cocoons 
  of 
  the 
  parasites 
  so 
  infected 
  

   lose 
  their 
  jumping 
  power, 
  besides 
  turning 
  transparent 
  and 
  bright 
  

   yellow. 
  

  

  The 
  larvae 
  of 
  P. 
  murinus 
  are 
  also 
  infested 
  by 
  two 
  Chalcids, 
  Tetras- 
  

   tichus 
  sp., 
  which 
  is 
  a 
  primary 
  internal 
  parasite, 
  and 
  Dibrachoides 
  

   (Pteromalus) 
  dynaster, 
  Forst., 
  an 
  external 
  parasite 
  ; 
  the 
  percentage 
  

   of 
  infection 
  by 
  these 
  two 
  species 
  is 
  low. 
  

  

  As 
  to 
  the 
  parasites 
  of 
  the 
  pupae 
  of 
  P. 
  murinus, 
  there 
  were 
  noticed 
  

   Eulophus 
  sp., 
  an 
  external 
  parasite, 
  and 
  Pimpla 
  macidator, 
  F., 
  an 
  

   internal 
  one 
  ; 
  one 
  specimen 
  of 
  the 
  latter 
  was 
  also 
  bred 
  from 
  a 
  larva 
  of 
  

   the 
  host. 
  This 
  Ichneumonid 
  is 
  much 
  the 
  most 
  important 
  parasite, 
  

   as 
  45 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  pupae 
  were 
  attacked 
  by 
  it. 
  Catolaccus 
  alter, 
  

   Ratzb., 
  was 
  obtained 
  as 
  a 
  hyperparasite 
  of 
  Pimpla 
  maculator. 
  

  

  Besides 
  parasites, 
  there 
  were 
  noticed 
  also 
  as 
  enemies 
  of 
  P. 
  murinus, 
  

   the 
  larvae 
  of 
  Chrysopa 
  sp., 
  which 
  destroy 
  the 
  cocoon 
  of 
  the 
  weevil 
  and 
  

   feed 
  on 
  the 
  pupa, 
  and 
  a 
  small 
  red 
  acarid. 
  All 
  these 
  enemies 
  and 
  

   parasites 
  together 
  destroyed 
  in 
  the 
  season 
  under 
  consideration, 
  71 
  per 
  

   cent, 
  of 
  P. 
  murinus. 
  

  

  