﻿123 
  

  

  with 
  Melolontha 
  in 
  Europe, 
  Decoppet 
  injected 
  carbon 
  bisulphide 
  

   into 
  the 
  soil 
  at 
  a 
  depth 
  not 
  exceeding 
  six 
  inches, 
  at 
  the 
  rate 
  of 
  1 
  to 
  1 
  J 
  

   ounces 
  in 
  6 
  or 
  8 
  holes 
  per 
  square 
  yard, 
  and 
  this 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  to 
  

   diminish 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  grubs 
  considerably. 
  Excellent 
  results 
  are 
  

   obtained 
  by 
  this 
  means 
  against 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  southern 
  green 
  June 
  

   beetle 
  in 
  the 
  lawns 
  of 
  the 
  Southern 
  States, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  probable 
  that 
  this 
  

   method 
  will 
  prove 
  successful 
  with 
  the 
  white 
  grub 
  in 
  lawns. 
  The 
  holes 
  

   should 
  be 
  plugged 
  with 
  soil 
  or 
  sod 
  to 
  prevent 
  the 
  fumes 
  escaping, 
  and 
  

   it 
  must 
  be 
  remembered 
  that 
  carbon 
  bisulphide 
  is 
  highly 
  inflammable 
  

   and 
  forms 
  an 
  explosive 
  compound 
  when 
  mixed 
  with 
  air. 
  

  

  Gastine 
  (G.). 
  Diaspis 
  jyentagona 
  (Cochenille 
  du 
  Murier). 
  [The 
  mul- 
  

   berry 
  scale.] 
  — 
  Libra 
  irie 
  agricole 
  de 
  la 
  Maison 
  Rustique, 
  Paris, 
  

   N.D., 
  45pp., 
  9 
  figs; 
  price 
  30 
  centimes. 
  

  

  This 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  popular 
  booklets, 
  each 
  treating 
  of 
  a 
  single 
  

   subject 
  and 
  written 
  by 
  a 
  specialist. 
  The 
  author 
  points 
  out 
  that 
  the 
  

   scale-insects 
  and 
  aphids 
  may 
  be 
  considered 
  the 
  most 
  dangerous 
  agri- 
  

   cultural 
  pests 
  known, 
  and 
  as 
  through 
  the 
  agency 
  of 
  its 
  agile 
  larvae 
  

   Diaspis 
  pentagona 
  spreads 
  quickly 
  afar, 
  the 
  greatest 
  energy 
  must 
  be 
  

   employed 
  against 
  it. 
  In 
  its 
  country 
  of 
  origin, 
  the 
  Japanese 
  regard 
  

   this 
  scale 
  as 
  the 
  worst 
  enemy 
  of 
  the 
  mulberry 
  and 
  other 
  fruit 
  trees, 
  

   and 
  its 
  rapid 
  dispersal 
  throughout 
  the 
  world 
  is 
  due 
  to 
  shipments 
  of 
  

   infested 
  plants 
  on 
  which 
  the 
  insect 
  defies 
  the 
  most 
  unfavourable 
  con- 
  

   ditions 
  ; 
  for 
  it 
  can 
  survive 
  extreme 
  cold 
  and 
  even 
  dessicated 
  

   fragments 
  of 
  a 
  twig 
  suffice 
  for 
  its 
  subsistence. 
  The 
  author 
  suggests 
  

   that 
  the 
  destruction 
  by 
  fire 
  of 
  any 
  infested 
  plants 
  imported 
  into 
  a 
  

   clean 
  country 
  is 
  the 
  only 
  safe 
  measure. 
  Should 
  this 
  be 
  impracticable, 
  

   scrubbing 
  with 
  wire 
  brushes 
  followed 
  by 
  the 
  burning 
  of 
  all 
  the 
  debris 
  

   and 
  the 
  thorough 
  application 
  of 
  an 
  insecticide 
  is 
  the 
  best 
  method, 
  the 
  

   solution 
  being 
  sprayed 
  on 
  the 
  branches 
  and 
  brushed 
  into 
  the 
  bark 
  of 
  

   the 
  trunk 
  and 
  larger 
  branches. 
  The 
  latest 
  formulae 
  officially 
  advised 
  

   in 
  Italy 
  are 
  : 
  (1) 
  A. 
  heavy 
  coal-tar 
  oil 
  22 
  oz., 
  crude 
  oil 
  of 
  turpentine 
  

   2^ 
  oz., 
  B. 
  common 
  sea-salt 
  22 
  oz., 
  wheat 
  flour 
  J 
  oz., 
  water 
  2 
  gallons 
  ; 
  

   (2) 
  A. 
  crude 
  petroleum 
  22 
  oz., 
  ordinary 
  fish 
  oil 
  2 
  J 
  oz., 
  crude 
  oil 
  of 
  

   turpentine 
  1 
  J 
  oz., 
  B. 
  common 
  salt 
  22 
  oz., 
  wheat 
  flour 
  J 
  oz., 
  water 
  2 
  

   gallons 
  ; 
  (3) 
  A. 
  mixture 
  of 
  mineral 
  oils 
  (density 
  1*05), 
  called 
  Eusol 
  in 
  

   Italy, 
  22 
  oz., 
  B. 
  common 
  salt 
  3 
  oz., 
  wheat 
  flour 
  J 
  oz., 
  water 
  2 
  gallons. 
  

   To 
  prepare 
  any 
  of 
  these 
  the 
  salt 
  is 
  dissolved 
  in 
  the 
  water 
  and 
  the 
  flour 
  

   mixed 
  in. 
  The 
  oily 
  mixture 
  A, 
  already 
  prepared, 
  is 
  gradually 
  added 
  

   with 
  very 
  energetic 
  stirring 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  obtain 
  a 
  homogeneous 
  solution. 
  

   As 
  the 
  component 
  parts 
  tend 
  to 
  separate 
  very 
  readily 
  the 
  author 
  sug- 
  

   gests 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  Saponin, 
  which 
  produces 
  permanent 
  emulsions 
  easily. 
  

   Saponin 
  is 
  not 
  obtainable 
  commercially, 
  but 
  many 
  vegetable 
  products 
  

   contain 
  this 
  substance, 
  the 
  fruit 
  of 
  Sapindus 
  ntilis 
  being 
  richest 
  in 
  it. 
  

   Saponin 
  represents 
  about 
  50 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  pericarp, 
  which 
  itself 
  is 
  

   about 
  68| 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  total 
  fruit, 
  and 
  as 
  it 
  dissolves 
  out 
  in 
  water 
  

   the 
  pericarp 
  may 
  be 
  conveniently 
  employed 
  for 
  the 
  purpose. 
  The 
  

   author 
  gives 
  four 
  formulae 
  : 
  (1) 
  A., 
  heavy 
  coal-tar 
  oil 
  2 
  lb., 
  B. 
  saponin 
  

   solution 
  obtained 
  by 
  extracting 
  1 
  oz. 
  of 
  Sapindus 
  pericarp 
  in 
  2 
  gals, 
  

   of 
  water 
  ; 
  (2) 
  petroleum 
  oil 
  or 
  crude 
  petroleum 
  2 
  lb., 
  B. 
  saponin 
  solu- 
  

   tion 
  as 
  above 
  ; 
  (3) 
  homogeneous 
  emulsion 
  — 
  A., 
  clear 
  heavy 
  coal-tar 
  

   oil 
  (density 
  1015) 
  20 
  oz., 
  medium 
  coal-tar 
  oil 
  (density 
  950) 
  12^ 
  oz., 
  

  

  (Cil) 
  E 
  2 
  

  

  