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  B. 
  saponin 
  solution 
  as 
  above 
  ; 
  (4) 
  homogeneous 
  emulsion 
  — 
  A. 
  clear 
  

   heavy 
  coal-tar 
  oil 
  (density 
  1045) 
  28|- 
  oz., 
  petroleum 
  (density 
  800) 
  

   4 
  J 
  oz 
  ; 
  B. 
  saponin 
  solution 
  as 
  above. 
  To 
  prepare 
  solution 
  B., 
  

   Sapindus 
  pericarp 
  (1 
  oz.) 
  is 
  boiled 
  for 
  a 
  few 
  minutes 
  in 
  

   water 
  (1 
  pint 
  taken 
  from 
  the 
  2 
  gallons) 
  and 
  when 
  sufficiently 
  

   soft 
  it 
  is 
  mashed 
  to 
  facilitate 
  solution 
  of 
  the 
  saponin. 
  This 
  prepara- 
  

   tion 
  is 
  passed 
  through 
  a 
  No. 
  65 
  (French) 
  sieve, 
  as 
  the 
  insoluble 
  

   particles 
  would 
  clog 
  the 
  sprayer. 
  To 
  extract 
  all 
  the 
  saponin 
  this 
  insoluble 
  

   residue 
  is 
  placed 
  in 
  the 
  remaining 
  15 
  pints 
  of 
  water 
  and 
  again 
  strained 
  

   out. 
  Into 
  the 
  saponin 
  solution 
  (B) 
  the 
  oily 
  mixture 
  (A) 
  is 
  gradually 
  

   poured 
  with 
  energetic 
  mixing, 
  when 
  the 
  fine 
  oil 
  globules 
  w^U 
  remain 
  

   in 
  suspension. 
  [Cf. 
  this 
  Revieiv, 
  A, 
  i, 
  p. 
  238.] 
  If 
  the 
  oily 
  mixture 
  

   is 
  heavier 
  than 
  the 
  water 
  it 
  will 
  sink, 
  if 
  lighter, 
  it 
  will 
  float, 
  but 
  the 
  

   slightest 
  shake 
  will 
  cause 
  uniform 
  admixture 
  ; 
  with 
  equal 
  densities 
  

   the 
  emulsion 
  is 
  permanently 
  homogeneous. 
  The 
  author 
  points 
  out 
  

   that 
  though 
  his 
  formulae 
  are 
  stronger 
  than 
  the 
  Italian 
  ones, 
  yet 
  

   owing 
  to 
  the 
  perfect 
  emulsification 
  the 
  shoots 
  are 
  in 
  less 
  danger 
  

   of 
  being 
  harmed. 
  All 
  the 
  foregoing 
  sprays 
  are 
  for 
  winter 
  use. 
  

   Should 
  it 
  be 
  desirable 
  to 
  follow 
  up 
  the 
  treatment 
  by 
  spring 
  and 
  

   summer 
  applications, 
  the 
  percentage 
  of 
  the 
  coal-tar 
  and 
  petroleum 
  

   oils 
  must 
  be 
  reduced 
  to 
  1*5 
  per 
  cent, 
  or 
  2 
  per 
  cent, 
  at 
  the 
  most, 
  

   as 
  otherwise 
  damage 
  will 
  be 
  done. 
  Either 
  the 
  saponin 
  solution 
  

   may 
  be 
  used, 
  or 
  IJ 
  oz. 
  of 
  white 
  soap 
  dissolved 
  in 
  the 
  2 
  gals, 
  of 
  water 
  

   when 
  the 
  latter 
  is 
  at 
  boiling 
  point 
  ; 
  soft 
  soap 
  contains 
  too 
  many 
  im- 
  

   purities. 
  The 
  insecticide 
  is 
  used 
  as 
  a 
  spray 
  and 
  the 
  first 
  application 
  

   made 
  when 
  the 
  young 
  larvae 
  appear, 
  is 
  followed 
  by 
  a 
  second 
  at 
  10 
  

   days' 
  interval. 
  The 
  men 
  must 
  be 
  protected 
  by 
  gloves 
  and 
  masks 
  with 
  

   glazed 
  eye-holes. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  mentions 
  Prosjmltella 
  berlesei, 
  a 
  small 
  Chalcid 
  fly 
  now 
  

   being 
  tested 
  in 
  many 
  parts 
  of 
  Italy 
  and 
  which 
  Berlese 
  hopes 
  will 
  check 
  

   D, 
  fentagona. 
  Other 
  parasites 
  are 
  being 
  studied 
  in 
  Italy, 
  especially 
  

   by 
  Silvestri. 
  But 
  at 
  the 
  present 
  time 
  direct 
  methods 
  of 
  control 
  are 
  

   the 
  only 
  ones 
  in 
  real 
  use. 
  The 
  author 
  concludes 
  by 
  giving 
  a 
  list 
  of 
  

   some 
  50 
  different 
  trees 
  and 
  plants 
  affected 
  by 
  thie 
  pest 
  and 
  remarks 
  

   that 
  this 
  list 
  can 
  be 
  added 
  to 
  daily. 
  

  

  Henrich 
  (C). 
  Die 
  Blattlause 
  Aphiden 
  der 
  Umgebung 
  von 
  Hermann- 
  

   stadt. 
  [Aphid 
  plant 
  lice 
  in 
  the 
  neighbourhood 
  of 
  Hermannstadt.] 
  

   — 
  Verh. 
  und 
  Mitt. 
  Siebenbilrgischen 
  Ver. 
  Naturwiss. 
  zu 
  Hermann- 
  

   stadt, 
  Ixiii, 
  no. 
  6, 
  1913, 
  pp. 
  195-201. 
  

  

  The 
  present 
  paper 
  forms 
  a 
  supplement 
  to 
  one 
  published 
  by 
  the 
  

   author 
  on 
  Aphids 
  in 
  1909. 
  Since 
  then 
  some 
  additional 
  species 
  have 
  

   been 
  discovered 
  by 
  him 
  in 
  the 
  environs 
  of 
  Hermannstadt, 
  among 
  

   which 
  are 
  : 
  Mindarus 
  abietinus, 
  Koch, 
  on 
  Abies 
  jpectinata 
  ; 
  Pemphigus 
  

   pirifonnis, 
  Licht., 
  P. 
  bursariiis, 
  L., 
  P. 
  boreaUs, 
  Tullgren, 
  and 
  P. 
  Lich- 
  

   tensteini, 
  Tullgren, 
  all 
  on 
  Populiis 
  pyramidalis 
  and 
  P. 
  nigra 
  ; 
  and 
  

   Phylloxera 
  acanthochermes, 
  Lichtst., 
  on 
  oak. 
  

  

  SuLC 
  (K.). 
  Zur 
  Kenntnis 
  einiger 
  Psylla-Arten 
  aus 
  dem 
  Ungarischen 
  

   National 
  Museum 
  in 
  Budapest. 
  [On 
  some 
  species 
  of 
  Psylla 
  from 
  

   the 
  Hungarian 
  National 
  Museum.] 
  — 
  Ann. 
  Mus. 
  Nat. 
  Hungarici, 
  

   Budapest, 
  xi, 
  pt. 
  2, 
  1913, 
  pp. 
  409-435. 
  

  

  Seven 
  species 
  of 
  the 
  genus 
  Psylla 
  are 
  described 
  from 
  specimens 
  in 
  a 
  

  

  