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  KoLFS 
  (P. 
  H.) 
  and 
  Fawcett 
  (H. 
  S.)- 
  Fungus 
  Diseases 
  of 
  Scale- 
  

   Insects 
  and 
  Whitefly. 
  — 
  Florida 
  Univ. 
  Agric. 
  Expt. 
  Sta., 
  Gainesville, 
  

   Bull 
  No. 
  119, 
  Nov. 
  1913, 
  pp. 
  71-82, 
  20 
  figs. 
  

  

  In 
  Florida, 
  fungus 
  diseases 
  have 
  been 
  employed 
  to 
  a 
  very 
  large 
  

   extent 
  to 
  combat 
  insect 
  pests, 
  for 
  owing 
  to 
  an 
  abundant 
  rainfall 
  and 
  

   moist 
  atmosphere, 
  the 
  climate 
  is 
  especially 
  favourable 
  to 
  the 
  develop- 
  

   ment 
  of 
  such 
  fungi. 
  These 
  diseases 
  of 
  scale-insects 
  and 
  whitefly 
  are 
  

   native 
  to 
  Florida, 
  the 
  fungi 
  appearing 
  spontaneously 
  in 
  widely 
  

   separated 
  orchards. 
  The 
  fungi 
  do 
  not 
  attack 
  trees, 
  and 
  having 
  

   destroyed 
  the 
  scale-insects 
  or 
  other 
  pests, 
  perish. 
  Careful 
  observation 
  

   is 
  required 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  find 
  out 
  where 
  the 
  insects 
  are 
  most 
  numerous 
  and 
  

   to 
  introduce 
  the 
  fungi 
  in 
  the 
  best 
  positions. 
  For 
  small 
  and 
  badly 
  

   infested 
  trees 
  spraying 
  with 
  some 
  contact 
  insecticide 
  is 
  recommended 
  

   to 
  reheve 
  the 
  condition 
  temporarily. 
  The 
  fungi 
  may 
  be 
  bought 
  from 
  

   F. 
  P. 
  Henderson, 
  Gainesville, 
  Fla. 
  ; 
  F. 
  Stirhng, 
  De 
  Land, 
  Fla. 
  ; 
  S. 
  L. 
  

   Story, 
  Eutis, 
  Fla., 
  the 
  cost 
  in 
  general 
  being 
  from 
  one 
  to 
  three 
  dollars 
  

   per 
  acre 
  of 
  trees 
  to 
  be 
  treated. 
  Among 
  the 
  fungi-producing 
  diseases, 
  

   the 
  red-headed 
  fungus 
  {Sphaerostilbe 
  coccophila, 
  Tul.) 
  is 
  known 
  to 
  

   affect 
  a 
  large 
  number 
  of 
  scale-insects. 
  The 
  method 
  of 
  applying 
  the 
  

   fungus 
  is 
  to 
  tie 
  a 
  piece 
  of 
  fungus-bearing 
  material 
  on 
  a 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  

   tree 
  most 
  severely 
  attacked. 
  A 
  dozen 
  pieces 
  or 
  more 
  should 
  be 
  used 
  

   in 
  every 
  tree 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  degree 
  of 
  infection, 
  and 
  the 
  fungus 
  

   placed 
  so 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  shaded 
  from 
  the 
  direct 
  rays 
  of 
  the 
  sun. 
  This 
  fungus 
  

   has 
  been 
  successfully 
  appHed 
  by 
  the 
  spore-spraying 
  method. 
  One 
  or 
  

   two 
  hundred 
  pustules, 
  each 
  of 
  which 
  contain 
  thousands 
  of 
  spores, 
  to 
  

   the 
  gallon 
  of 
  water 
  would 
  seem 
  efi&cient 
  for 
  spraying. 
  The 
  white- 
  

   headed 
  fungus 
  (Ophio7iectria 
  coccicola, 
  E. 
  and 
  E.) 
  seems 
  more 
  effective 
  

   in 
  citrus 
  orchards 
  in 
  checking 
  the 
  long 
  scale 
  and 
  the 
  purple 
  scale 
  than 
  

   does 
  the 
  red-headed 
  fungus. 
  The 
  method 
  of 
  apphcation 
  is 
  the 
  same 
  

   as 
  for 
  the 
  red-headed 
  fungus. 
  Occurring 
  in 
  all 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  State 
  and 
  

   having 
  a 
  very 
  general 
  distribution 
  in 
  Florida 
  is 
  the 
  black 
  fungus 
  

   (Myriangium 
  duriaei, 
  Mont.) 
  especially 
  useful 
  in 
  destroying 
  the 
  chaff 
  - 
  

   scale 
  (Parlatoria 
  pergandii). 
  Here 
  again 
  a 
  small 
  sprig 
  with 
  the 
  fungus 
  

   should 
  be 
  tied 
  to 
  the 
  scale-infested 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  tree. 
  This 
  fungus 
  

   is 
  slow 
  in 
  killing 
  the 
  scales 
  but 
  the 
  eradication 
  is 
  generally 
  perfect. 
  

   The 
  red 
  fungus 
  {Aschersonia 
  aleurodis) 
  of 
  the 
  white 
  fly 
  has 
  been 
  apphed 
  

   with 
  great 
  success 
  by 
  the 
  spore-spraying 
  method. 
  From 
  25 
  to 
  50 
  

   leaves, 
  having 
  an 
  abundance 
  of 
  pustules 
  on 
  them, 
  are 
  allowed 
  to 
  soak 
  

   from 
  five 
  to 
  ten 
  minutes 
  in 
  a 
  pail 
  of 
  water, 
  being 
  stirred 
  occasionally. 
  

   The 
  mixture 
  is 
  strained 
  and 
  applied 
  to 
  the 
  under 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  leaves. 
  

   The 
  yellow 
  fungus 
  {Aschersonia 
  flavocitrina) 
  of 
  the 
  whitefly 
  is 
  useful 
  

   only 
  in 
  combating 
  Aleurodes 
  nubifera 
  and 
  is 
  applied 
  by 
  spraying 
  ; 
  but 
  

   the 
  brown 
  fungus 
  (Aegerita 
  webberi, 
  Fawcett) 
  of 
  the 
  whitefly 
  has 
  been 
  

   employed 
  with 
  extremely 
  satisfactory 
  results. 
  The 
  cinnamon 
  fungus 
  

   (Verticillium 
  heterocladum) 
  is 
  not 
  very 
  important 
  as 
  a 
  check 
  to 
  scale- 
  

   insects. 
  

  

  Watson 
  (J. 
  K.). 
  Preserving 
  Fungus 
  Parasites 
  of 
  Whitefly. 
  — 
  Florida 
  

   Univ. 
  Agric. 
  Expt. 
  Sta., 
  Gainesville, 
  Press 
  Bull. 
  No. 
  217, 
  29th 
  

   Nov. 
  1913, 
  1 
  p. 
  

  

  Citrus-growers 
  should 
  be 
  supphed 
  with 
  plenty 
  of 
  red 
  and 
  brown, 
  

   parasitic 
  fungi 
  at 
  the 
  beginning 
  of 
  the 
  rainy 
  season 
  in 
  June,^ 
  

  

  (C20) 
  Wt.P.ll/12— 
  26.3.13. 
  1,500. 
  3.14 
  B&F. 
  Ltd. 
  Gll/3. 
  

  

  APR 
  17 
  1914 
  

  

  