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  embodies 
  lists 
  of 
  useful 
  and 
  harmful 
  birds 
  with 
  the 
  Latin 
  and 
  Spanish 
  

   names. 
  The 
  Spanish 
  law 
  on 
  the 
  shooting 
  of 
  small 
  birds 
  is 
  reprinted 
  

   in 
  extenso 
  ; 
  this 
  also 
  contains 
  a 
  list 
  of 
  those 
  species 
  the 
  kilUng 
  of 
  which 
  

   is 
  absolutely 
  prohibited. 
  

  

  Philbrook 
  (E. 
  E.). 
  The 
  Brown-Tail 
  and 
  Gipsy 
  Moths.— 
  Qtrly. 
  Bull. 
  

   Maine 
  Dept. 
  Agric, 
  Augusta, 
  xii, 
  no. 
  4, 
  Dec. 
  1913, 
  pp. 
  1-10, 
  5 
  pis. 
  

  

  An 
  historical 
  account 
  is 
  given 
  of 
  the 
  measures 
  taken 
  against 
  the 
  gipsy 
  

   moth 
  in 
  the 
  New 
  England 
  States. 
  During 
  the 
  years 
  1907 
  to 
  1913 
  

   inclusive, 
  the 
  State 
  of 
  Maine 
  has 
  expended 
  170,000 
  dollars 
  on 
  the 
  work 
  

   of 
  suppressing 
  this 
  insect. 
  The 
  eggs 
  are 
  laid 
  on 
  almost 
  any 
  object 
  in 
  

   July 
  and 
  August, 
  in 
  a 
  mass 
  of 
  400 
  to 
  500, 
  covered 
  with 
  yellowish 
  hairs, 
  

   looking 
  much 
  like 
  a 
  small 
  piece 
  of 
  sponge. 
  They 
  hatch 
  about 
  1st 
  

   May, 
  and 
  the 
  caterpillars 
  are 
  full-grown 
  by 
  about 
  midsummer. 
  Some- 
  

   time 
  in 
  July 
  or 
  early 
  August 
  they 
  pass 
  into 
  the 
  pupal 
  stage, 
  which 
  

   lasts 
  about 
  10 
  to 
  14 
  days. 
  The 
  caterpillars 
  will 
  attack 
  any 
  fruit, 
  

   shade 
  or 
  woodland 
  trees, 
  and, 
  where 
  abundant, 
  destroy 
  all 
  green 
  

   vegetation. 
  Coniferous 
  trees 
  are 
  killed 
  after 
  being 
  once 
  defoliated 
  

   and 
  deciduous 
  trees 
  usually 
  die 
  after 
  four 
  or 
  five 
  defoliations. 
  In 
  the 
  

   orchard 
  the 
  gipsy 
  moth 
  is 
  readily 
  controlled 
  by 
  painting 
  the 
  egg-masses 
  

   with 
  creosote 
  in 
  winter 
  and 
  spraying 
  the 
  trees 
  with 
  arsenate 
  of 
  lead 
  

   (10 
  lb. 
  to 
  100 
  gals, 
  of 
  water) 
  just 
  as 
  the 
  eggs 
  are 
  hatching 
  in 
  spring. 
  

   Banding 
  has 
  also 
  proved 
  of 
  much 
  value 
  in 
  the 
  work 
  against 
  the 
  cater- 
  

   pillars. 
  Spraying, 
  thoroughly 
  and 
  carefully 
  done 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  

   rules 
  given 
  by 
  the 
  best 
  authorities, 
  will 
  almost 
  always 
  give 
  good 
  

   results. 
  If 
  carried 
  out 
  carelessly 
  much 
  damage 
  may 
  be 
  done. 
  

  

  The 
  brown-tail 
  moth 
  is 
  the 
  worst 
  of 
  the 
  imported 
  pests. 
  The 
  home 
  

   of 
  this 
  insect 
  is 
  in 
  Europe, 
  where 
  it 
  occurs 
  over 
  the 
  entire 
  country. 
  

   It 
  deposits 
  from 
  200 
  to 
  400 
  small 
  eggs 
  thickly 
  covered 
  with 
  a 
  mass 
  of 
  

   brown 
  hairs. 
  The 
  large 
  majority 
  of 
  eggs 
  are 
  laid 
  on 
  the 
  under 
  surface 
  

   of 
  shade 
  and 
  fruit 
  trees. 
  Those 
  laid 
  in 
  July 
  hatch 
  the 
  following 
  month, 
  

   and 
  the 
  young 
  caterpillars, 
  feeding 
  in 
  a 
  mass, 
  soon 
  commence 
  spinning 
  

   their 
  webs, 
  in 
  which 
  they 
  pass 
  the 
  winter. 
  To 
  check 
  this 
  pest 
  the 
  webs 
  

   on 
  shade 
  and 
  fruit 
  trees 
  should 
  be 
  cut 
  off 
  and 
  burned 
  in 
  the 
  autumn 
  or 
  

   winter. 
  Fruit 
  trees 
  are 
  best 
  sprayed 
  with 
  arsenate 
  of 
  lead 
  (4 
  lb. 
  to 
  50 
  

   gals, 
  of 
  water) 
  as 
  soon 
  as 
  the 
  eggs 
  hatch 
  in 
  the 
  late 
  summer. 
  Banding 
  

   the 
  trees 
  with 
  tanglefoot 
  will 
  in 
  some 
  cases 
  protect 
  the 
  fohage 
  from 
  

   harm. 
  The 
  native 
  birds 
  are 
  of 
  great 
  value 
  to 
  the 
  orchardist 
  and 
  

   farmer, 
  since 
  many 
  have 
  been 
  observed 
  feeding 
  on 
  the 
  caterpillars 
  of 
  

   the 
  brown-tail 
  moth. 
  Prof. 
  Fernald 
  states 
  that 
  toads 
  devour 
  the 
  

   caterpillars 
  during 
  early 
  summer, 
  and 
  the 
  moths 
  later 
  in 
  the 
  season. 
  

   Numerous 
  parasites 
  have 
  been 
  bred 
  from 
  this 
  insect. 
  

  

  BoRNER 
  (C). 
  Uber 
  reblaus-anfallige 
  und 
  -immune 
  Reben 
  .[On 
  the 
  

   susceptibihty 
  and 
  immunity 
  of 
  Vines 
  to 
  the 
  attacks 
  of 
  the 
  Vine 
  

   Louse.] 
  — 
  Biol. 
  Centralblatt. 
  Leipzig, 
  xxxiv, 
  no. 
  1, 
  20th 
  Jan. 
  1914, 
  

   pp. 
  1-8. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  gives 
  an 
  account 
  of 
  experiments 
  made 
  by 
  himself 
  in 
  

   Villers 
  I'Orme, 
  near 
  Metz, 
  by 
  M. 
  Bichon 
  in 
  Pagny, 
  s. 
  Moselle, 
  and 
  by 
  

   Professor 
  Autelin 
  in 
  Nancy, 
  on 
  the 
  resistance 
  of 
  different 
  vines 
  to 
  the 
  

   attacks 
  of 
  Phylloxera. 
  The 
  most 
  important 
  result 
  of 
  these 
  experiments 
  

   is 
  to 
  show 
  that 
  the 
  effect 
  produced 
  upon 
  vines 
  by 
  the 
  Lorraine 
  louse 
  

  

  