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  plough 
  the 
  land 
  to 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  4 
  inches 
  or 
  more 
  ; 
  destroy 
  all 
  wild 
  

   mustard 
  and 
  similar 
  weeds 
  about 
  the 
  field 
  ; 
  rotate 
  the 
  crops 
  so 
  that 
  

   cruciferous 
  plants 
  occupy 
  the 
  soil 
  for 
  not 
  more 
  than 
  one 
  season 
  ; 
  

   the 
  use 
  of 
  a 
  quick-acting 
  fertiliser 
  and 
  frequent 
  surface 
  cultivation 
  

   are 
  decidedly 
  beneficial. 
  Screening 
  of 
  the 
  cabbage 
  seed-beds 
  is 
  highly 
  

   recommended 
  by 
  one 
  authority. 
  Five 
  parts 
  of 
  sulphur 
  to 
  one 
  part 
  

   of 
  tobacco 
  dust, 
  applied 
  in 
  the 
  drill 
  rows 
  with 
  the 
  seed 
  of 
  radish 
  and 
  

   turnips 
  gave 
  good 
  results. 
  Lime 
  and 
  carbolic 
  acid 
  (1 
  gal. 
  water, 
  3 
  

   pints 
  milk 
  of 
  lime, 
  and 
  1 
  tablespoonful 
  of 
  crude 
  carbolic) 
  applied 
  to 
  

   the 
  surface 
  soil 
  acts 
  as 
  a 
  repellent 
  for 
  this 
  pest 
  ; 
  1 
  pint 
  of 
  kerosene 
  

   to 
  3 
  gallons 
  of 
  sand 
  is 
  also 
  recommended. 
  Powdered 
  tobacco 
  placed 
  

   about 
  the 
  plants 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  planting 
  and 
  renewed 
  every 
  week 
  has 
  

   proved 
  useful. 
  White 
  hellebore, 
  1 
  part, 
  and 
  air-slaked 
  Hme, 
  10 
  parts, 
  

   applied 
  as 
  a 
  dust 
  to 
  the 
  surface 
  soil 
  gives 
  very 
  good 
  results 
  as 
  a 
  

   preventive. 
  Another 
  serious 
  cabbage 
  pest 
  is 
  the 
  cabbage 
  aphis 
  

   {Aphis 
  brassicae, 
  L.). 
  Contact 
  sprays 
  to 
  be 
  effective 
  must 
  actually 
  

   wet 
  the 
  insect 
  and 
  several 
  applications 
  are 
  often 
  necessary. 
  Destroy 
  

   all 
  old 
  stumps 
  and 
  leaves, 
  since 
  it 
  is 
  in 
  these 
  that 
  the 
  aphids 
  pass 
  the 
  

   winter. 
  If 
  plants 
  are 
  infested 
  in 
  the 
  seed-bed 
  they 
  should 
  be 
  either 
  

   dipped 
  at 
  transplanting 
  time 
  or 
  fumigated. 
  Whale-oil 
  soap, 
  1 
  lb. 
  

   to 
  8 
  gals, 
  of 
  water, 
  makes 
  a 
  very 
  effective 
  dip 
  and 
  equally 
  good 
  

   is 
  home-made 
  fish-oil 
  soap, 
  the 
  formula 
  for 
  which 
  is 
  caustic 
  soda 
  

   IJ 
  lb. 
  ; 
  water, 
  IJ 
  quarts 
  ; 
  and 
  fish-oil, 
  5J 
  lb. 
  For 
  use, 
  take 
  1 
  lb. 
  of 
  

   soap 
  to 
  8 
  gals, 
  of 
  water, 
  and 
  dip 
  only 
  the 
  infested 
  parts. 
  Infested 
  

   plants 
  dipped 
  for 
  2 
  or 
  3 
  seconds 
  in 
  water 
  heated 
  to 
  122° 
  F. 
  showed 
  that 
  

   all 
  the 
  aphids 
  were 
  killed 
  and 
  the 
  plants 
  were 
  uninjured. 
  Kerosene 
  

   emulsion 
  as 
  a 
  7 
  per 
  cent, 
  solution 
  is 
  possibly 
  the 
  best 
  of 
  aphis 
  sprays. 
  

   " 
  Black 
  Leaf 
  40," 
  1 
  part 
  to 
  1,600 
  parts 
  of 
  water, 
  with 
  the 
  addition 
  of 
  

   1 
  lb. 
  of 
  whale-oil 
  soap 
  to 
  20 
  gals, 
  of 
  the 
  solution 
  has 
  given 
  excellent 
  

   results. 
  Diabrotica 
  soror 
  and 
  D. 
  trivittata 
  attack 
  cucumbers 
  and 
  melons 
  

   and 
  are 
  also 
  serious 
  pests 
  of 
  beans, 
  potatoes, 
  turnips, 
  etc. 
  It 
  is 
  seldom 
  

   that 
  any 
  one 
  treatment 
  will 
  prove 
  entirely 
  effective. 
  The 
  " 
  trap 
  crop 
  " 
  

   method 
  has 
  given 
  excellent 
  results. 
  Screens 
  covered 
  with 
  cheese- 
  

   cloth 
  serve 
  very 
  well 
  for 
  the 
  protection 
  of 
  small 
  plants. 
  Fine 
  wire 
  

   screen 
  cones 
  are 
  also 
  recommended. 
  All 
  old 
  vines 
  and 
  trash 
  in 
  the 
  

   field 
  should 
  be 
  destroyed, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  wild 
  gourd. 
  For 
  very 
  small 
  

   plants 
  arsenicals 
  as 
  a 
  dust 
  should 
  be 
  used, 
  and 
  for 
  older 
  plants 
  zinc 
  

   arsenite, 
  1 
  lb. 
  to 
  60 
  gals, 
  of 
  water, 
  can 
  be 
  used 
  as 
  a 
  spray. 
  Lead 
  arsenate 
  

   paste, 
  3 
  lb. 
  to 
  50 
  gals., 
  is 
  also 
  good. 
  The 
  onion 
  thrips 
  {Thrips 
  tabaci, 
  

   Lind.) 
  is 
  becoming 
  a 
  serious 
  pest 
  in 
  the 
  onion 
  districts. 
  While 
  onions 
  

   suffer 
  most, 
  cabbage 
  and 
  kale, 
  cucumbers, 
  tomatoes 
  and 
  several 
  

   ornamental 
  plants 
  are 
  also 
  subject 
  to 
  attack. 
  The 
  injury 
  is 
  due 
  to 
  a 
  

   rasping 
  of 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  leaf, 
  which 
  then 
  wilts. 
  " 
  Black 
  Leaf 
  40," 
  

   1 
  part 
  to 
  1,600 
  parts 
  of 
  water, 
  with 
  the 
  addition 
  of 
  whale-oil 
  soap, 
  

   4 
  lb. 
  to 
  100 
  gals, 
  of 
  the 
  solution, 
  will 
  control 
  the 
  thrips 
  ; 
  kerosene 
  

   emulsion 
  as 
  a 
  7 
  per 
  cent, 
  solution 
  is 
  equally 
  good. 
  The 
  onion 
  maggot 
  

   {Pegomyia 
  ceparum, 
  Bouche) 
  attacks 
  the 
  onion 
  much 
  as 
  the 
  cabbage 
  

   maggot 
  attacks 
  the 
  radish, 
  and 
  similar 
  control 
  measures 
  are 
  effective 
  

   for 
  it. 
  The 
  paper 
  concludes 
  with 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  formulae 
  for 
  useful 
  

   insecticides. 
  

  

  (C20) 
  O 
  

  

  