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  on 
  fruit 
  trees 
  near 
  Paris 
  ; 
  (2) 
  Diaspis 
  ostreaeformis, 
  which 
  is 
  less 
  

   frequent 
  ; 
  (3) 
  Mytilaspis 
  pomorum, 
  which 
  may 
  be 
  very 
  injurious 
  to 
  

   apple-trees. 
  

  

  Concorso 
  per 
  un 
  rimedio 
  contro 
  le 
  tignuole 
  della 
  vite. 
  [Competition 
  

   for 
  a 
  remedy 
  against 
  the 
  vine 
  moth.] 
  — 
  Riv. 
  Vitic. 
  Enol. 
  Agrar, 
  

   Conegliano, 
  xix, 
  no. 
  23, 
  1st 
  Dec. 
  1913, 
  pp. 
  541-547. 
  

  

  The 
  prize 
  of 
  £24 
  was 
  competed 
  for 
  by 
  four 
  entrants, 
  the 
  application 
  

   and 
  results 
  of 
  whose 
  methods 
  were 
  inspected 
  by 
  a 
  jury 
  composed 
  of 
  five 
  

   experts, 
  one 
  being 
  the 
  representative 
  of 
  the 
  Ministry 
  of 
  Agriculture. 
  

   The 
  first 
  competitor 
  used 
  two 
  ordinary 
  soft 
  clothes-brushes, 
  one 
  being 
  

   held 
  under 
  the 
  bunch 
  of 
  grapes 
  which 
  is 
  hghtly 
  tapped 
  and 
  stroked 
  with 
  

   the 
  other 
  brush. 
  Ninety 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  in 
  the 
  webs 
  are 
  

   wounded 
  by 
  the 
  bristles 
  and 
  the 
  webs 
  disappear 
  from 
  the 
  grapes. 
  

   Two 
  women 
  can 
  clean 
  1,700 
  vines 
  in 
  a 
  7-10 
  hours' 
  day. 
  Their 
  labour 
  

   costs 
  3s. 
  id. 
  per 
  day 
  at 
  the 
  rate 
  of 
  Is. 
  8d. 
  each, 
  and 
  the 
  outlay 
  for 
  the 
  

   brushes 
  is 
  nominal, 
  as 
  the 
  wear 
  is 
  insignificant. 
  

  

  The 
  second 
  competitor 
  powders 
  all 
  the 
  bunches 
  with 
  copper 
  sulphate 
  

   at 
  a 
  strength 
  of 
  10 
  per 
  cent., 
  which 
  he 
  calls 
  " 
  Antisettico." 
  The 
  

   application 
  must 
  be 
  made 
  in 
  the 
  second 
  half 
  of 
  May. 
  Its 
  object 
  is 
  

   to 
  keep 
  the 
  moths 
  away 
  from 
  the 
  grapes, 
  thus 
  preventing 
  eggs 
  from 
  

   being 
  laid 
  on 
  them. 
  The 
  succeeding 
  treatment 
  consists 
  in 
  dipping 
  

   all 
  the 
  bunches 
  marked 
  with 
  the 
  webs 
  of 
  the 
  vine 
  moth 
  into 
  a 
  glass 
  

   containing 
  an 
  " 
  antiseptic 
  " 
  solution 
  invented 
  by 
  the 
  competitor. 
  

   This 
  operation 
  is 
  performed 
  after 
  the 
  flowers 
  have 
  been 
  fertilised 
  and 
  

   immediately 
  the 
  corolla 
  has 
  fallen. 
  Towards 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  July 
  the 
  

   powdering 
  is 
  repeated 
  on 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  the 
  moths 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  

   generation. 
  A 
  quart 
  of 
  the 
  hquid, 
  sufficient 
  for 
  about 
  1,100 
  vines, 
  

   costs 
  about 
  lid. 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  non-poisonous. 
  Including 
  labour, 
  the 
  costs 
  

   would 
  amount 
  to 
  about 
  6s. 
  when 
  compared 
  with 
  the 
  first 
  method. 
  

   The 
  cost 
  of 
  the 
  powder 
  is 
  not 
  included, 
  for 
  it 
  contains 
  sulphur 
  and 
  

   copper 
  and 
  ihus 
  serves 
  also 
  to 
  combat 
  peronospora 
  and 
  oidium. 
  One 
  

   hour 
  after 
  immersion 
  all 
  the 
  larvae 
  were 
  dead, 
  and 
  on 
  inspecting 
  the 
  

   grapes 
  some 
  time 
  afterwards 
  these 
  were 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  uninjured 
  by 
  the 
  

   solution 
  

  

  The 
  third 
  competitor 
  used 
  lead 
  arsenate, 
  but 
  instead 
  of 
  spraying, 
  

   he 
  dipped 
  the 
  bunches 
  in 
  a 
  2 
  per 
  cent, 
  solution. 
  This 
  was 
  done 
  on 
  

   the 
  8th 
  June, 
  when 
  the 
  larvae 
  had 
  appeared, 
  but 
  had 
  not 
  yet 
  enclosed 
  

   themselves 
  in 
  their 
  webs. 
  On 
  19th 
  June 
  the 
  jury 
  could 
  find 
  no 
  trace 
  

   of 
  either 
  larvae 
  or 
  webs 
  on 
  the 
  vines 
  treated, 
  whereas 
  both 
  abounded 
  

   on 
  the 
  untreated 
  ones. 
  To 
  be 
  effective 
  the 
  operation 
  must 
  be 
  carried 
  

   out 
  on 
  the 
  first 
  appearance 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  larvae. 
  Using 
  the 
  same 
  labour 
  

   as 
  before 
  the 
  comparative 
  cost 
  would 
  be 
  about 
  6s. 
  

  

  The 
  fourth 
  competitor 
  employed 
  a 
  special 
  powder 
  called 
  " 
  Arxolea," 
  

   which 
  is 
  supposed 
  to 
  be 
  effective 
  against 
  peronospora, 
  oidium, 
  and 
  the 
  

   moths. 
  No 
  Bordeaux 
  mixture 
  or 
  sulphur 
  was 
  used 
  in 
  the 
  experimental 
  

   plot, 
  but 
  its 
  condition 
  was 
  found 
  equal 
  to 
  that 
  of 
  vines 
  treated 
  with 
  

   Bordeaux 
  mixture 
  and 
  copper 
  sulphate. 
  As 
  regards 
  the 
  point 
  

   under 
  investigation 
  — 
  the 
  control 
  of 
  the 
  vine 
  moth 
  — 
  there 
  appeared 
  

   to 
  be 
  no 
  difference 
  whatever 
  between 
  treated 
  and 
  untreated 
  vines. 
  

  

  The 
  conclusions 
  arrived 
  at 
  by 
  the 
  jury 
  are 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  — 
  (1) 
  The 
  

   methods 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  two 
  competitors 
  are 
  efficacious 
  against 
  the 
  larvae 
  

  

  