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  the 
  spring 
  ; 
  only 
  the 
  females 
  hibernate. 
  Early 
  in 
  July 
  the 
  first 
  genera- 
  

   tion 
  migrates 
  to 
  maize, 
  on 
  which 
  a 
  second 
  generation 
  is 
  produced. 
  

   Haplothrips 
  tritici, 
  Kurd]., 
  is 
  the 
  most 
  important 
  and 
  injurious 
  species 
  

   in 
  these 
  parts 
  of 
  Russia. 
  It 
  winters 
  in 
  the 
  larval 
  stage 
  in 
  the 
  earth 
  

   or 
  on 
  wheat 
  stubbles, 
  and 
  these 
  larvae 
  do 
  not 
  become 
  mature 
  until 
  

   about 
  a 
  month 
  after 
  their 
  appearance 
  in 
  the 
  first 
  half 
  of 
  May. 
  The 
  

   imago 
  flies 
  first 
  on 
  to 
  rye, 
  passing 
  afterwards 
  on 
  to 
  wheat, 
  both 
  winter- 
  

   and 
  summer-sown, 
  where 
  oviposition 
  takes 
  place. 
  The 
  injuries 
  

   caused 
  by 
  this 
  pest 
  are 
  very 
  serious, 
  owing 
  to 
  its 
  great 
  numbers 
  ; 
  in 
  

   1912 
  it 
  was 
  impossible 
  to 
  find 
  grains 
  of 
  wheat 
  which 
  had 
  not 
  either 
  

   been 
  injured 
  by 
  the 
  insects 
  or 
  did 
  not 
  contain 
  a 
  larva. 
  As 
  remedies, 
  

   the 
  burning 
  of 
  the 
  stubbles 
  is 
  recommended, 
  from 
  which 
  good 
  results 
  

   are 
  expected, 
  judging 
  by 
  the 
  experiments 
  conducted 
  at 
  the 
  Poltava 
  

   Experimental 
  Station 
  in 
  1911 
  ; 
  the 
  reploughing 
  or 
  scarifying 
  of 
  the 
  

   stubbles 
  in 
  July 
  is 
  also 
  effective, 
  as 
  after 
  these 
  operations 
  the 
  moisture 
  

   of 
  the 
  soil 
  is 
  greater, 
  thus 
  favouring 
  the 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  fungus, 
  

   Botritis 
  bassiana, 
  Bals., 
  which 
  attacks 
  these 
  pests. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  further 
  describes 
  the 
  life-history, 
  the 
  injury 
  done 
  by, 
  and 
  

   the 
  control 
  measures 
  against 
  the 
  following 
  bugs 
  : 
  — 
  Eurygaster 
  integriceps, 
  

   Osh., 
  E. 
  maura, 
  L., 
  and 
  E. 
  austriaca, 
  Schr., 
  Aelia 
  acuminata, 
  L., 
  and 
  

   two 
  species 
  of 
  Miraria. 
  He 
  goes 
  on 
  to 
  describe 
  various 
  Aphids 
  

   injurious 
  to 
  grain 
  crops, 
  giving 
  a 
  synoptical 
  table 
  for 
  their 
  identifi- 
  

   cation. 
  The 
  following 
  species 
  are 
  dealt 
  with 
  : 
  — 
  Macrosiphum 
  granariuniy 
  

   Kjrby 
  (Siphonopliora 
  cerealis, 
  Kalt.), 
  Toxoptera 
  graminum, 
  Rond., 
  

   Brachycolus 
  noxius, 
  Mordw. 
  (Jcorotnevi, 
  auct.), 
  Sipha 
  maydis, 
  Pass., 
  

   Aphis 
  padi, 
  F., 
  A. 
  avenae, 
  F., 
  A. 
  euonymi, 
  F., 
  Anoecia 
  corni, 
  F., 
  Tetra- 
  

   neura 
  ulmi, 
  de 
  G., 
  T. 
  rubra, 
  Licht., 
  Pentaphis 
  trivialis, 
  Pass., 
  P. 
  mar- 
  

   ginata, 
  Koch, 
  P. 
  setariae, 
  Pass., 
  and 
  Paracleutus 
  cimiciformis, 
  Heyd. 
  

  

  In 
  dealing 
  with 
  Lepidoptera 
  the 
  author 
  devotes 
  most 
  of 
  his 
  atten- 
  

   tion 
  to 
  Euxoa 
  {Agrotis) 
  segetum, 
  Schiff., 
  and 
  next 
  to 
  Oria 
  (Tapinostola) 
  

   musculosa, 
  Hb. 
  (frumentalis, 
  Lind.) 
  and 
  Trachea 
  (Hadena) 
  basilinea, 
  L. 
  

   Oria 
  musculosa 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  chief 
  pests 
  of 
  grain 
  crops 
  in 
  North 
  

   Caucasia, 
  in 
  the 
  province 
  of 
  Don 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  Governments 
  of 
  Taurida, 
  

   Cherson, 
  and 
  Ekaterinoslav. 
  The 
  insects 
  are 
  on 
  the 
  wing 
  during 
  

   June 
  and 
  July 
  and 
  oviposit 
  on 
  young 
  shoots, 
  also 
  on 
  weeds 
  and 
  stubbles, 
  

   each 
  female 
  depositing 
  up 
  to 
  about 
  200 
  eggs. 
  The 
  eggs 
  remain 
  over 
  

   the 
  winter, 
  the 
  caterpillars 
  appearing 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  April 
  and 
  boring 
  

   into 
  the 
  stems, 
  where 
  they 
  develop. 
  The 
  larvae 
  pupate 
  in 
  the 
  earth 
  

   during 
  the 
  first 
  half 
  of 
  July, 
  the 
  imago 
  emerging 
  in 
  about 
  a 
  fortnight. 
  

   The 
  plants 
  most 
  injured 
  by 
  these 
  insects 
  are 
  wheat, 
  both 
  summer- 
  

   sown 
  and 
  winter-sown, 
  barley 
  and 
  oats 
  ; 
  they 
  do 
  not 
  touch 
  maize. 
  

   The 
  remedies 
  suggested 
  are 
  the 
  burning 
  of 
  the 
  stubbles, 
  the 
  mowing 
  

   and 
  burning 
  of 
  weeds 
  round 
  the 
  fields, 
  and 
  the 
  reploughing 
  in 
  autumn 
  

   of 
  the 
  attacked 
  fields 
  to 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  about 
  7-8 
  inches, 
  also 
  the 
  rotation 
  

   of 
  crops, 
  including 
  the 
  cultivation 
  of 
  such 
  plants 
  as 
  maize, 
  beet 
  and 
  

   potatoes, 
  which 
  are 
  not 
  injured 
  by 
  the 
  pests. 
  Besides 
  these 
  most 
  

   injurious 
  moths, 
  the 
  author 
  deals 
  also 
  with 
  Feltia 
  {Agrotis) 
  exclama- 
  

   tionis, 
  L., 
  Euxoa 
  (Agrotis) 
  tritici, 
  L., 
  Hydroecia 
  nictitans, 
  L., 
  Phlyctae- 
  

   nodes 
  sticticalis, 
  L., 
  Pyrausta 
  (Botys) 
  nubilalis, 
  Hb., 
  Cr 
  ambus 
  luteolus, 
  

   Schiff., 
  C. 
  jucundellus, 
  H.S., 
  and 
  Ochsenheimeria 
  taurella, 
  Schiif. 
  

  

  The 
  sixth 
  chapter 
  is 
  devoted 
  to 
  Coleoptera, 
  chief 
  amongst 
  which 
  must 
  

   be 
  placed 
  Pentodon 
  idiota, 
  Hbst., 
  Anisoplia 
  austriaca, 
  Hbst., 
  Agriotes 
  

   lineatus, 
  L., 
  Lema 
  melanopa, 
  L., 
  all 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  very 
  fully 
  discussed. 
  An 
  

  

  