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  succindus, 
  though 
  these 
  are 
  by 
  no 
  means 
  common. 
  The 
  large 
  Longicorn 
  

   beetle, 
  Acrocinus 
  accentifer, 
  Oliv., 
  is 
  generally 
  distributed 
  in 
  Brazil 
  and 
  

   the 
  damage 
  done 
  by 
  it 
  is 
  very 
  serious. 
  In 
  three 
  or 
  four 
  years 
  it 
  is 
  capable 
  

   of 
  completely 
  destroying 
  a 
  citrus 
  plantation 
  ; 
  the 
  destruction 
  of 
  the 
  tree 
  

   is 
  certain, 
  unless 
  immediate 
  preventive 
  measures 
  are 
  taken. 
  The 
  

   insects 
  lay 
  their 
  eggs 
  in 
  spring 
  and 
  summer, 
  by 
  preference 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  

   of 
  the 
  trunk, 
  boring 
  holes 
  for 
  the 
  purpose 
  with 
  their 
  mandibles. 
  The 
  

   larval 
  stage 
  lasts 
  for 
  about 
  a 
  year, 
  and 
  pupation 
  takes 
  place 
  between 
  

   July 
  and 
  September, 
  the 
  beetles 
  emerging 
  from 
  August 
  to 
  October, 
  

   and 
  sometimes 
  later. 
  The 
  beetle 
  flies 
  but 
  little, 
  and 
  does 
  not 
  propa- 
  

   gate 
  rapidly, 
  and 
  the 
  author 
  thinks 
  that 
  this 
  is 
  the 
  explanation 
  of 
  the 
  

   fact 
  that 
  sound 
  and 
  bored 
  trees 
  are 
  constantly 
  found 
  close 
  together. 
  

   The 
  insect 
  is 
  common 
  in 
  the 
  bush 
  and 
  does 
  similar 
  damage 
  to 
  the 
  

   white 
  cedar 
  {Cedrela 
  brasiliensis) 
  and 
  to 
  certain 
  other 
  trees 
  of 
  different 
  

   families. 
  The 
  best 
  time 
  for 
  killing 
  the 
  borer 
  is 
  in 
  the 
  months 
  of 
  May 
  

   and 
  June. 
  The 
  lower 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  trunks 
  of 
  the 
  trees 
  should 
  be 
  care- 
  

   fully 
  examined 
  and 
  the 
  burrows 
  should 
  be 
  opened 
  up 
  ; 
  a 
  httle 
  bisul- 
  

   phide 
  of 
  carbon 
  is 
  then 
  injected 
  into 
  the 
  hole 
  with 
  a 
  syringe, 
  and 
  the 
  

   hole 
  immediately 
  stopped 
  with 
  a 
  plug. 
  This 
  process 
  will 
  kill 
  the 
  

   lava, 
  pupa 
  or 
  perfect 
  insect. 
  Benzine 
  or 
  gasoline 
  will 
  also 
  answer 
  the 
  

   purpose. 
  

  

  Diploschema 
  rotundicolle, 
  Serv., 
  another 
  Longicorn, 
  attacks 
  

   orange, 
  mexeriqueiras 
  (Citrus 
  deliciosa, 
  R.), 
  and 
  lemon 
  trees. 
  The 
  dam- 
  

   age 
  is 
  somewhat 
  different 
  from 
  that 
  done 
  by 
  the 
  previous 
  insect. 
  The 
  

   eggs 
  are 
  laid 
  from 
  December 
  till 
  April 
  in 
  minute 
  incisions 
  at 
  the 
  extre- 
  

   mities 
  of 
  the 
  branches. 
  The 
  larva 
  bores 
  downwards 
  through 
  the 
  larger 
  

   branches 
  to 
  the 
  trunk, 
  and 
  the 
  burrows 
  never 
  communicate 
  with 
  one 
  

   another. 
  Sometimes 
  the 
  trunk 
  is 
  riddled 
  through 
  its 
  whole 
  thickness, 
  

   and 
  the 
  author 
  says 
  he 
  has 
  seen 
  the 
  trunk 
  of 
  a 
  lemon 
  tree 
  which 
  con- 
  

   tained 
  16 
  such 
  burrows. 
  The 
  length 
  of 
  the 
  burrow 
  may 
  be 
  as 
  much 
  

   as 
  7 
  to 
  10 
  feet. 
  The 
  active 
  condition 
  of 
  the 
  larva 
  lasts 
  approximately 
  

   8 
  months. 
  When 
  growth 
  is 
  completed 
  the 
  larva 
  turns 
  and 
  mounts 
  

   upwards, 
  enlarging 
  a 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  burrow 
  into 
  a 
  chamber 
  and 
  making 
  

   an 
  elliptical 
  orifice 
  J 
  inch 
  in 
  diameter 
  for 
  the 
  exit 
  of 
  the 
  perfect 
  

   insect. 
  This 
  orifice 
  can 
  be 
  easily 
  distinguished 
  from 
  the 
  exit 
  holes 
  for 
  

   frass 
  made 
  during 
  growth, 
  as 
  it 
  is 
  of 
  larger 
  diameter. 
  Below 
  this 
  

   opening 
  the 
  larva 
  blocks 
  the 
  burrow, 
  forming 
  a 
  chamber 
  3 
  to 
  5 
  

   inches 
  in 
  length, 
  in 
  which 
  it 
  is 
  protected 
  from 
  the 
  attack 
  of 
  ants, 
  

   etc., 
  in 
  the 
  last 
  period 
  of 
  its 
  development. 
  This 
  chamber 
  is 
  made 
  

   in 
  the 
  spring 
  at 
  the 
  beginning 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  year 
  of 
  larval 
  hfe. 
  The 
  

   pupal 
  stage, 
  according 
  to 
  A. 
  Sampaio, 
  occupies 
  71 
  days. 
  The 
  author 
  

   goes 
  into 
  considerable 
  detail 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  manner 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  burrows 
  

   are 
  formed 
  and 
  their 
  varieties, 
  and 
  gives 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  figures 
  and 
  

   photographs. 
  Occasionally 
  the 
  larva 
  makes 
  horizontal 
  burrows, 
  

   which 
  the 
  author 
  explains 
  as 
  a 
  provision 
  against 
  its 
  being 
  crushed 
  by 
  

   the 
  natural 
  growth 
  of 
  the 
  stem 
  and 
  by 
  the 
  cicatrisation 
  of 
  the 
  wounds 
  

   made. 
  He 
  says 
  that 
  this 
  insect 
  damages 
  peach 
  trees 
  in 
  a 
  similar 
  

   manner, 
  and 
  that 
  in 
  the 
  bush 
  it 
  is 
  frequently 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  on 
  a 
  Euphor- 
  

   biaceous 
  tree 
  (Croton 
  forihundus) 
  locally 
  known 
  as 
  *' 
  tapichingui." 
  

   The 
  treatment 
  consists 
  in 
  inspecting 
  the 
  trees 
  in 
  the 
  months 
  of 
  May 
  and 
  

   June, 
  searching 
  for 
  frass, 
  and, 
  as 
  the 
  larva 
  has 
  not 
  yet 
  descended 
  into 
  

   the 
  trunk, 
  cutting 
  off 
  the 
  ends 
  of 
  the 
  small 
  branches. 
  It 
  is 
  then 
  easy 
  

   to 
  destroy 
  any 
  larva 
  which 
  may 
  have 
  descended 
  towards 
  the 
  trunk 
  

  

  