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  Aphis 
  papaveris 
  in 
  certain 
  localities. 
  Cassida 
  nebulosa 
  and 
  C. 
  oblongay 
  

   pests 
  of 
  the 
  beet, 
  well-known 
  but 
  fortunately 
  rare 
  in 
  Belgium, 
  are 
  

   capable 
  of 
  causing 
  considerable 
  havoc 
  ; 
  arsenical 
  spraying 
  appeared 
  

   to 
  be 
  effectual 
  against 
  them. 
  

  

  Among 
  Aphids, 
  Hyalopterus 
  pruni, 
  Myziis 
  ribis 
  and 
  M. 
  cerasi 
  have 
  

   severely 
  attacked 
  various 
  fruit 
  trees. 
  Aphis 
  mali 
  was 
  abnormally 
  

   abundant, 
  causing 
  much 
  damage 
  to 
  apple 
  trees. 
  Eriosoma 
  (Schizo- 
  

   neura) 
  lanigerum, 
  also 
  continues 
  to 
  spread. 
  The 
  pest 
  hmits 
  itself 
  to 
  

   the 
  more 
  superficial 
  roots, 
  and 
  on 
  this 
  account 
  winter 
  treatment 
  is 
  

   preferable. 
  The 
  destruction 
  of 
  the 
  infected 
  roots 
  or 
  the 
  sulphuring 
  

   of 
  the 
  soil 
  around 
  the 
  trees 
  is 
  far 
  more 
  effective 
  than 
  washing 
  the 
  

   trunk 
  and 
  branches 
  with 
  soapy 
  water. 
  The 
  British 
  Board 
  of 
  Agricul- 
  

   ture 
  recommends 
  strongly 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  calcium 
  carbide, 
  which 
  in 
  the 
  

   presence 
  of 
  water 
  gives 
  off 
  acetylene. 
  Pieces 
  of 
  the 
  carbide 
  are 
  intro- 
  

   duced 
  into 
  holes 
  in 
  the 
  earth 
  around 
  the 
  tree, 
  which 
  should 
  then 
  be 
  

   closed 
  immediately. 
  If 
  the 
  earth 
  is 
  very 
  damp, 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  prevent 
  too 
  

   rapid 
  decomposition, 
  the 
  pieces 
  of 
  carbide 
  can 
  be 
  folded 
  in 
  paper. 
  

   The 
  difficulty 
  of 
  summer 
  treatment 
  is 
  in 
  finding 
  a 
  suitable 
  method 
  of 
  

   applying 
  the 
  insecticides. 
  M. 
  Ritzema-Bos 
  is 
  of 
  the 
  opinion 
  that 
  no 
  

   really 
  efficacious 
  method 
  of 
  dealing 
  with 
  this 
  insect 
  exists 
  ; 
  after 
  each 
  

   treatment 
  a 
  few 
  survive 
  and 
  these 
  rapidly 
  increase. 
  

  

  Observations 
  have 
  also 
  been 
  made 
  on 
  forest 
  trees. 
  It 
  has 
  been 
  

   specially 
  noted 
  that 
  much 
  damage 
  has 
  been 
  wrought 
  among 
  the 
  oaks 
  

   in 
  Belgium, 
  and 
  it 
  w411 
  probably 
  become 
  a 
  question 
  as 
  to 
  whether 
  they 
  

   should 
  not 
  be 
  excluded 
  from 
  the 
  forests. 
  The 
  pest 
  attacking 
  the 
  oak 
  in 
  

   the 
  region 
  of 
  Valenciennes 
  is 
  a 
  Buprestid 
  beetle, 
  Agrilus 
  biguttatus, 
  F. 
  

   In 
  the 
  forest 
  of 
  Raismes 
  there 
  was 
  great 
  mortality 
  among 
  the 
  trees. 
  

   In 
  1881 
  Altum 
  noted 
  that 
  this 
  Buprestid 
  was 
  rather 
  common 
  in 
  the 
  

   district 
  of 
  Eberswalde 
  ; 
  it 
  is 
  also 
  mentioned 
  by 
  Judeich 
  and 
  Nitsche 
  

   and 
  by 
  Niisshn. 
  Checking 
  the 
  pest 
  is 
  unfortunately 
  difficult, 
  except 
  

   by 
  destruction 
  of 
  the 
  infested 
  trees. 
  Agrilus 
  viridis, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  is 
  known, 
  

   is 
  limited 
  to 
  the 
  forest 
  of 
  Raismes. 
  

  

  POSPIELOV 
  (V.) 
  CBeKnOBMSHblM 
  flOJirOHOCMKTa 
  M 
  Wtpbl 
  6opb6bl 
  C"b 
  

  

  HMMli. 
  [Bothynoderes 
  punctiventris, 
  Germ., 
  and 
  methods 
  of 
  fight- 
  

   ing 
  it.] 
  — 
  An 
  Agricultural 
  Monograph 
  published 
  by 
  P/iaBHOe 
  

   YnpaBJieHie 
  3eMJieyGTpoiiCTBa 
  m 
  SeMnefltiiifl, 
  A^napTaMeHT'b 
  

   SeMJie^'knifl. 
  [Central 
  Board 
  of 
  Land 
  Administration 
  and 
  Agri- 
  

   culture, 
  Department 
  of 
  Agriculture.] 
  St. 
  Petersburg, 
  1913, 
  2nd 
  

   Edition, 
  116 
  pp., 
  8 
  figs, 
  3 
  tables. 
  

  

  Bothynoderes 
  punctiventris, 
  Germ., 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  permanent 
  

   and 
  serious 
  pests 
  of 
  sugar-beet, 
  and 
  is 
  found 
  from 
  Austria- 
  Hungary 
  to 
  

   Caucasia 
  and 
  the 
  southern 
  part 
  of 
  Siberia 
  (Dauria). 
  Within 
  these 
  

   areas 
  it 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  wherever 
  beet 
  is 
  grown, 
  but 
  in 
  some 
  places 
  its 
  

   development 
  is 
  checked 
  by 
  certain 
  meteorological 
  local 
  conditions, 
  

   as, 
  for 
  example, 
  in 
  the 
  governments 
  of 
  Kursk, 
  Tambov, 
  Samara 
  and 
  

   Voronezh, 
  and 
  in 
  Russian 
  Poland 
  ; 
  but 
  in 
  the 
  governments 
  of 
  Kiev, 
  

   Podolia, 
  Charkov 
  and 
  some 
  other 
  parts 
  of 
  south-western 
  Russia 
  its 
  

   power 
  of 
  multiplication 
  is 
  very 
  considerable. 
  It 
  was 
  in 
  the 
  district 
  of 
  

   Tchigirin, 
  in 
  the 
  government 
  of 
  Kiev, 
  " 
  the 
  cradle 
  of 
  the 
  Russian 
  

   sugar-beet 
  industry," 
  that 
  its 
  injurious 
  activity 
  was 
  first 
  noticed 
  in 
  

   1851 
  ; 
  in 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  'eighties 
  of 
  last 
  century 
  it 
  was 
  first 
  observed 
  

  

  (C20) 
  D 
  

  

  