﻿182 
  

  

  wiped 
  presents 
  a 
  better 
  appearance 
  to 
  the 
  average 
  buyer. 
  Wiping 
  is 
  

   easily 
  done 
  immediately 
  after 
  the 
  fruit 
  is 
  picked. 
  The 
  apple 
  should 
  

   not 
  be 
  rubbed 
  hard, 
  the 
  object 
  being 
  simply 
  to 
  remove 
  the 
  dust 
  and 
  

   spray, 
  of 
  which 
  many 
  people 
  are 
  afraid 
  because 
  of 
  its 
  poisonous 
  nature, 
  

   though 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  proved 
  that 
  it 
  would 
  take 
  the 
  spray 
  from 
  600 
  

   apples 
  to 
  make 
  a 
  minimum 
  dose 
  of 
  poison 
  dangerous 
  to 
  a 
  human 
  being. 
  

   A 
  pair 
  of 
  cheap 
  cotton 
  gloves 
  is 
  superior 
  to 
  a 
  rag 
  for 
  wiping. 
  

  

  Reutlinger 
  ( 
  — 
  ). 
  Eine 
  erfolgreiche 
  Bekampfung 
  des 
  Heu- 
  und 
  Sauer- 
  

   wurms. 
  [A 
  successful 
  method 
  of 
  combating 
  the 
  vine-moth.] 
  

   ■ 
  — 
  Weinhau 
  der, 
  Rheinpfalz, 
  Neustadt 
  a. 
  Hdt.^ 
  i, 
  no. 
  24, 
  15th 
  Dec. 
  

   1913, 
  pp. 
  308-311. 
  

  

  In 
  an 
  isolated 
  vineyard 
  of 
  about 
  6 
  acres 
  the 
  author 
  has 
  succeeded 
  

   in 
  stamping 
  out 
  the 
  vine-moth. 
  The 
  measures 
  against 
  the 
  pupae 
  

   were 
  appHed 
  in 
  1910, 
  1911 
  and 
  1912. 
  The 
  grubs 
  were 
  combated 
  in 
  

   1911, 
  and 
  also 
  in 
  1912, 
  though 
  not 
  so 
  extensively. 
  As 
  a 
  result 
  only 
  

   11 
  moths 
  were 
  observed 
  in 
  1913, 
  and 
  Peronospora 
  and 
  Oidium 
  being 
  

   also 
  absent, 
  perfectly 
  healthy 
  grapes 
  were 
  obtained. 
  Nevertheless 
  

   the 
  methods 
  employed 
  against 
  the 
  pupae 
  — 
  ^brushing 
  the 
  stocks, 
  

   earthing 
  them 
  up, 
  and 
  careful 
  burning 
  of 
  all 
  debris 
  — 
  were 
  carried 
  out 
  

   in 
  1913, 
  and 
  the 
  author 
  lays 
  very 
  great 
  stress 
  on 
  their 
  conscientious 
  

   execution. 
  In 
  dealing 
  with 
  the 
  grubs 
  the 
  following 
  formula 
  was 
  

   used 
  : 
  (a) 
  2 
  gals, 
  water, 
  1 
  lb. 
  soft 
  soap, 
  1 
  lb. 
  fusel 
  oil, 
  1\ 
  oz. 
  raw 
  nicotin 
  

   (98 
  per 
  cent.) 
  ; 
  or 
  the 
  alternative 
  formula 
  : 
  (6) 
  2 
  gals, 
  water, 
  1 
  lb. 
  

   soft 
  soap, 
  1 
  lb. 
  methylated 
  spirit, 
  1 
  lb. 
  duty 
  free 
  tobacco-extract. 
  

   The 
  cost 
  for 
  these 
  quantities 
  was 
  : 
  soft 
  soap 
  2\d., 
  fusel 
  oil 
  Is. 
  6c?., 
  

   raw 
  nicotin 
  (98 
  per 
  cent.) 
  Is. 
  6d., 
  methylated 
  spirit 
  2\d., 
  duty 
  free 
  

   tobacco 
  extract 
  Is. 
  Id. 
  The 
  solution 
  was 
  squirted 
  into 
  suspicious 
  

   places 
  with 
  sewing-machine 
  oilers, 
  with 
  the 
  nozzles 
  of 
  which 
  any 
  webs 
  

   present 
  were 
  removed 
  before 
  injecting 
  the 
  insecticide. 
  The 
  work 
  

   was 
  performed 
  by 
  children, 
  who 
  are 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  by 
  far 
  the 
  best 
  suited 
  

   for 
  it. 
  Walls, 
  tree-trunks, 
  etc., 
  were 
  searched 
  and 
  treated. 
  Taking 
  

   a 
  working 
  day 
  of 
  8 
  hours, 
  the 
  wages 
  of 
  a 
  man 
  at 
  35., 
  those 
  of 
  a 
  girl 
  

   at 
  ls.\ 
  the 
  costs 
  for 
  labour 
  during 
  the 
  19th, 
  22nd, 
  and 
  28th 
  June 
  

   1911, 
  worked 
  out 
  at 
  175., 
  17^., 
  and 
  165. 
  respectively. 
  One 
  man 
  

   was 
  employed 
  on 
  all 
  3 
  days, 
  14 
  girls 
  on 
  the 
  first 
  two, 
  and 
  13 
  girls 
  on 
  

   the 
  third 
  ; 
  20 
  gals, 
  of 
  emulsion 
  (a) 
  were 
  used 
  at 
  a 
  cost 
  of 
  325. 
  The 
  

   total 
  expense 
  for 
  the 
  6 
  acres 
  was 
  £4 
  25. 
  (or 
  £3 
  55. 
  if 
  emulsion 
  (6) 
  

   is 
  used). 
  To 
  this 
  the 
  cost 
  of 
  20 
  oilers 
  (5 
  kept 
  as 
  a 
  reserve) 
  must 
  be 
  

   added, 
  65. 
  In 
  view 
  of 
  the 
  poisonous 
  nature 
  of 
  the 
  insecticides, 
  the 
  

   workers 
  were 
  not 
  allowed 
  to 
  take 
  any 
  food 
  with 
  them 
  to 
  the 
  vineyard. 
  

   The 
  author 
  states 
  that 
  wages 
  have 
  increased 
  since 
  1911, 
  and 
  says 
  that 
  

   although 
  he 
  has 
  practised 
  bird 
  protection 
  for 
  the 
  past 
  20 
  years, 
  the 
  

   birds 
  appear 
  to 
  do 
  more 
  harm 
  than 
  good. 
  

  

  ViERECK 
  (H. 
  L.). 
  Type 
  Species 
  of 
  the 
  Genera 
  of 
  Ichneumon 
  Flies. 
  — 
  

   U.S. 
  Nat. 
  Mus., 
  Washington, 
  D.C., 
  Bull. 
  no. 
  83, 
  1914, 
  186 
  pp. 
  

  

  This 
  bulletin 
  consists 
  of 
  an 
  alphabetic 
  catalogue 
  of 
  the 
  genera 
  of 
  

   the 
  Ichneumonoidea 
  together 
  with 
  the 
  type 
  of 
  each 
  genus, 
  and 
  refer- 
  

   ences 
  to 
  descriptions 
  of 
  the 
  genera. 
  An 
  index 
  to 
  the 
  genotypes 
  has 
  

   been 
  added. 
  

  

  