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  ground 
  exposed. 
  Details 
  of 
  the 
  experiments, 
  dates 
  of 
  inspections, 
  

   etc., 
  are 
  given 
  in 
  tables. 
  As 
  a 
  result 
  of 
  this 
  work, 
  the 
  characters 
  

   which 
  make 
  timber 
  termite-proof 
  are 
  stated 
  to 
  be 
  : 
  — 
  (a) 
  the 
  presence 
  

   in 
  the 
  wood 
  of 
  some 
  substance 
  which 
  has 
  a 
  strong 
  smell 
  or 
  taste 
  which 
  

   the 
  insects 
  do 
  not 
  like 
  ; 
  (6) 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  some 
  substance 
  which 
  is 
  

   poisonous 
  to 
  the 
  insects 
  ; 
  and 
  (c) 
  the 
  extreme 
  hardness 
  of 
  the 
  wood, 
  

   rendering 
  it 
  too 
  hard 
  to 
  attack 
  ; 
  examples 
  of 
  each 
  character 
  being 
  

   given. 
  

  

  In 
  a 
  note 
  by 
  the 
  Forest 
  Zoologist, 
  Dehra 
  Dun, 
  on 
  Mr. 
  Kanehira's 
  

   contribution, 
  attention 
  is 
  called 
  to 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  durable 
  timbers, 
  

   while 
  possessing 
  a 
  relative 
  immunity 
  from 
  white 
  ant 
  attack, 
  are, 
  

   under 
  certain 
  conditions, 
  readily 
  eaten 
  by 
  the 
  destructive 
  species, 
  no 
  

   absolutely 
  immune 
  species 
  of 
  untreated 
  timber 
  having 
  been 
  discovered 
  

   by 
  experiment, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  is 
  known. 
  Definite 
  indications 
  of 
  absolute 
  

   immunity 
  can 
  only 
  be 
  obtained 
  by 
  actual 
  infection 
  with 
  the 
  termites, 
  

   since 
  it 
  does 
  not 
  necessarily 
  follow 
  that 
  the 
  buried 
  wood 
  will 
  be 
  attacked. 
  

  

  KuTHERFORD 
  (A.). 
  InsGcts 
  OH 
  RubbCF 
  in 
  1913. 
  — 
  Trop. 
  Agric, 
  

   Peradeniya, 
  xhi, 
  no. 
  1, 
  Jan. 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  41-44. 
  

  

  Hevea 
  brasiliensis 
  (Para 
  Rubber). 
  In 
  August 
  a 
  Cerambycid 
  beetle 
  

   (Moechotypa 
  verrucicollis, 
  Gahan) 
  was 
  sent 
  in 
  from 
  the 
  Kandy 
  District, 
  

   where 
  it 
  was 
  attacking 
  rubber 
  stumps, 
  chiefly 
  withered 
  ones. 
  Experi- 
  

   ments 
  lead 
  the 
  author 
  to 
  conclude 
  that 
  while 
  this 
  beetle 
  is 
  able 
  to 
  eat 
  

   the 
  bark 
  with 
  impunity 
  in 
  spite 
  of 
  the 
  flow 
  of 
  latex, 
  it 
  prefers 
  dry 
  

   twigs. 
  There 
  are 
  records 
  of 
  it 
  on 
  Hevea 
  from 
  Matale 
  and 
  Ukuwela, 
  

   the 
  last 
  report 
  dating 
  from 
  1907. 
  The 
  trees 
  attacked 
  should 
  be 
  

   sprayed 
  with 
  lead 
  arsenate. 
  Saissetia 
  nigra, 
  Nietner, 
  the 
  black 
  scale, 
  

   occurs 
  widely 
  on 
  Hevea 
  in 
  Ceylon. 
  It 
  feeds 
  on 
  the 
  leaves 
  and 
  twigs 
  

   and 
  is 
  frequently 
  attended 
  by 
  the 
  large 
  red 
  ant, 
  Oecophylla 
  smaragdina, 
  

   which 
  often 
  draws 
  the 
  leaves 
  together 
  to 
  form 
  a 
  shelter 
  over 
  the 
  scales. 
  

   S. 
  nigra 
  is 
  a 
  serious 
  pest 
  of 
  cotton 
  in 
  the 
  West 
  Indies, 
  and 
  in 
  Ceylon 
  

   occurs 
  in 
  injurious 
  numbers 
  on 
  cotton 
  and 
  Croton 
  tiglium. 
  That 
  

   scale-insects 
  are 
  able 
  to 
  subsist 
  on 
  trees 
  containing 
  latex 
  is 
  proved 
  by 
  

   the 
  fact 
  that 
  Coccus 
  viridis, 
  Green, 
  occurs 
  on 
  the 
  leaves 
  of 
  Funtumia 
  

   elastica, 
  Plumeria 
  sp., 
  Landolphia 
  kirkii 
  and 
  Alstonia 
  scholaris 
  ; 
  as 
  

   well 
  as 
  by 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  S. 
  nigra 
  itself 
  flourishes 
  on 
  Hevea 
  brasiliensis 
  

   and 
  Manihot 
  glaziovii. 
  S. 
  nigra 
  in 
  Ceylon 
  is 
  not 
  so 
  subject 
  to 
  the 
  

   attacks 
  of 
  hymenopterous 
  parasites 
  as 
  are 
  some 
  alhed 
  scale-insects, 
  

   though 
  the 
  author 
  has 
  reared 
  several 
  specimens 
  of 
  what 
  is 
  very 
  probably 
  

   Scutellista 
  cyanea 
  from 
  the 
  scales 
  on 
  Croton 
  tiglium, 
  and 
  has 
  observed 
  

   that 
  the 
  eggs 
  are 
  subject 
  to 
  the 
  depredations 
  of 
  a 
  Cecidomyid 
  larva. 
  

   The 
  author 
  thinks 
  no 
  chances 
  should 
  be 
  taken 
  with 
  S. 
  nigra 
  and 
  destruc- 
  

   tion 
  should 
  be 
  effected 
  whenever 
  an 
  opportunity 
  presents 
  itself. 
  The 
  

   ant 
  is 
  often 
  a 
  nuisance 
  on 
  tea 
  and 
  fruit 
  trees 
  in 
  many 
  parts 
  of 
  Ceylon, 
  

   and 
  the 
  nests 
  should 
  be 
  broken 
  up 
  and 
  sprayed 
  with 
  kerosene 
  emulsion. 
  

   Phorid 
  flies 
  were 
  found 
  to 
  have 
  laid 
  their 
  eggs 
  on 
  decomposing 
  smoke- 
  

   cured 
  rubber, 
  and 
  the 
  maggots 
  were 
  feeding 
  on 
  the 
  products 
  of 
  decom- 
  

   position. 
  Probably 
  the 
  rubber 
  had 
  been 
  insufficiently 
  dried, 
  as 
  it 
  

   had 
  developed 
  a 
  mould. 
  The 
  adult 
  flies 
  are 
  small 
  and 
  active 
  and 
  

   generally 
  lay 
  their 
  eggs 
  in 
  decomposing 
  organic 
  matter. 
  

  

  Funtumia 
  elastica. 
  The 
  caterpillars 
  of 
  the 
  Pyralid 
  moth, 
  Caprinia 
  

   conchylalis, 
  Guen., 
  were 
  found 
  feeding 
  on 
  the 
  leaves 
  of 
  F. 
  elastica 
  near 
  

  

  