﻿2rj 
  

  

  per 
  cent. 
  E. 
  segetmn 
  ; 
  wliilo 
  of 
  the 
  latter 
  41 
  per 
  cent, 
  were 
  females, 
  and 
  

   of 
  the 
  former 
  36 
  per 
  cent. 
  In 
  the 
  second 
  generation 
  the 
  proportion 
  

   of 
  F. 
  exclaniationis 
  was 
  only 
  15 
  per 
  cent. 
  

  

  The 
  principal 
  weeds 
  on 
  fallow 
  fields 
  in 
  the 
  district 
  in 
  Tver, 
  where 
  

   they 
  are 
  not 
  used 
  for 
  pasture, 
  are 
  : 
  — 
  Polygonum 
  convolvulus, 
  Cirsiiim 
  

   arvense, 
  Sonchus 
  arvensis, 
  Atriplex 
  tataricum, 
  Rhinanthus 
  cristagalli 
  

   and 
  various 
  species 
  of 
  Plantago. 
  In 
  the 
  area 
  m 
  Tula 
  the 
  fallow 
  land 
  

   is 
  used 
  for 
  pasture 
  and 
  the 
  principal 
  weeds 
  are 
  : 
  — 
  Polygonum 
  avicidare, 
  

   Malva 
  rotundifolia, 
  Rhinanthus 
  crista-galli, 
  Artemisia 
  campestris, 
  

   Convolvulus 
  arvensis, 
  Linaria 
  vulgaris 
  and 
  various 
  species 
  of 
  Carduus. 
  

   In 
  nature 
  the 
  moths 
  oviposited 
  on 
  all 
  weed 
  grasses, 
  except 
  R. 
  crista- 
  

   galli, 
  which 
  is 
  apparently 
  avoided 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  its 
  hairiness. 
  Oviposi- 
  

   tion 
  lasts 
  from 
  18 
  to 
  34 
  days, 
  E. 
  segetmn 
  starting 
  earlier 
  than 
  F. 
  

   exclamationis. 
  In 
  Novotorzhok 
  the 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  caterpillars 
  

   lasted 
  63 
  days 
  for 
  F, 
  exclamationis 
  and 
  68 
  days 
  for 
  E. 
  segetmn 
  ; 
  while 
  

   in 
  Bogoroditzk 
  the 
  figures 
  were 
  51 
  and 
  46 
  days 
  respectively. 
  There 
  were 
  

   two 
  generations 
  of 
  the 
  moths 
  in 
  the 
  government 
  of 
  Tula, 
  although 
  the 
  

   author 
  is 
  not 
  in 
  a 
  position 
  to 
  say 
  that 
  this 
  is 
  permanently 
  the 
  case 
  ; 
  

   in 
  the 
  year 
  of 
  observation 
  there 
  was 
  an 
  exceptionally 
  early 
  spring, 
  

   which 
  accelerated 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  the 
  wintering 
  generation 
  and 
  the 
  

   development 
  of 
  its 
  descendants. 
  Of 
  the 
  hibernating 
  larvae 
  obtained 
  

   by 
  the 
  author 
  only 
  8 
  per 
  cent, 
  produced 
  moths 
  ; 
  of 
  the 
  remainder 
  

   about 
  74 
  per 
  cent, 
  were 
  killed 
  by 
  parasites 
  and 
  fungus 
  diseases. 
  

  

  Very 
  few^ 
  parasites 
  of 
  the 
  insects 
  were 
  obtained 
  in 
  Novotorzhok, 
  

   where 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  caterpillars 
  of 
  the 
  preceding 
  autumn 
  had 
  perished 
  

   from 
  flacherie 
  and 
  muscardine 
  ; 
  this 
  was 
  also 
  the 
  case 
  in 
  1909. 
  The 
  

   species 
  recorded 
  are 
  two 
  Ichneunionids, 
  Anomalon 
  sp., 
  bred 
  from 
  a 
  

   pupa 
  of 
  F. 
  excla^nationis, 
  and 
  Paniscus 
  gracilipes, 
  Gr., 
  reared 
  from 
  

   caterpillars 
  of 
  both 
  species 
  in 
  August 
  ; 
  and 
  one 
  species 
  of 
  fly, 
  Tachina 
  

   larvarum, 
  L., 
  reared 
  from 
  caterpillars 
  of 
  F. 
  exclamationis. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  government 
  of 
  Tula 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  caterpillars 
  perished 
  from 
  

   parasites 
  and 
  only 
  a 
  small 
  proportion 
  from 
  flacherie. 
  The 
  follow^ing 
  

   figures 
  are 
  given 
  : 
  — 
  Ichneumonidae 
  : 
  12|- 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  cater- 
  

   pillars 
  were 
  infested 
  by 
  Paniscus 
  gracilipes, 
  28-J- 
  per 
  cent, 
  by 
  Henicos- 
  

   pilus 
  merdarius 
  and 
  Ambliteles 
  vadatorius, 
  and 
  3J 
  per 
  cent, 
  by 
  Exetastes 
  

   agrotidis, 
  Kok., 
  sp. 
  nov. 
  ; 
  Tachinidae 
  : 
  17 
  per 
  cent, 
  by 
  Gonia 
  capitata 
  

   and 
  Cnephalia 
  hucephala, 
  and 
  f 
  per 
  cent, 
  by 
  Tachina 
  larvarum 
  ; 
  12 
  ' 
  

   per 
  cent, 
  by 
  fungus 
  diseases. 
  Exetastes 
  agrotidis 
  has 
  been 
  identified 
  

   by 
  Kokujev 
  as 
  a 
  new 
  species, 
  and 
  the 
  author 
  gives 
  a 
  description 
  and 
  

   figures 
  of 
  the 
  imago, 
  larva 
  and 
  cocoon 
  ; 
  the 
  larva 
  develops 
  inside 
  the 
  

   caterpillar 
  of 
  the 
  host 
  and 
  leaves 
  it 
  for 
  pupation, 
  which 
  takes 
  place 
  in 
  

   earth. 
  The 
  parasite 
  has 
  two 
  generations 
  during 
  the 
  summer 
  and 
  is 
  

   found 
  constantly 
  on 
  flowers 
  ; 
  it 
  parasitises 
  also 
  the 
  caterpillars 
  of 
  

   Chloridea 
  dipsacea, 
  L. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  mentions 
  also 
  another 
  parasite 
  which 
  he 
  reared 
  from 
  a 
  

   caterpillar 
  of 
  F. 
  exclamationis 
  in 
  the 
  government 
  of 
  Saratov 
  ; 
  this 
  

   being 
  a 
  Braconid, 
  Amicroplus 
  (Macrocentrus) 
  collaris, 
  sp. 
  n., 
  50-60 
  

   larvae 
  of 
  w^hich 
  breed 
  inside 
  one 
  caterpillar 
  of 
  the 
  host 
  ; 
  the 
  larvae 
  

   pupate 
  in 
  the 
  earth 
  ; 
  these 
  parasites 
  appeared 
  on 
  the 
  31st 
  May. 
  

   Pospielov 
  reports 
  them 
  also 
  from 
  the 
  government 
  of 
  Kiev. 
  

  

  