﻿214 
  

  

  times 
  and 
  in 
  a 
  manner 
  best 
  suited 
  for 
  this 
  purpose. 
  The 
  value 
  of 
  pre- 
  

   ventive 
  methods 
  is 
  also 
  insisted 
  upon, 
  such 
  as 
  precautions 
  when 
  

   buying 
  seeds 
  and 
  seedlings, 
  careful 
  attention 
  to 
  the 
  bark 
  of 
  trees 
  in 
  

   orchards 
  and 
  gardens 
  underneath 
  which 
  many 
  insects 
  pass 
  their 
  

   winter, 
  etc., 
  and 
  assistance 
  on 
  the 
  part 
  of 
  man 
  to 
  different 
  enemies 
  

   of 
  insects, 
  such 
  as 
  birds, 
  parasites, 
  fungus 
  diseases, 
  etc. 
  The 
  author 
  

   deals 
  at 
  some 
  length 
  with 
  the 
  question 
  of 
  the 
  useful 
  services 
  rendered 
  by 
  

   birds 
  in 
  destroying 
  insects 
  and 
  quotes 
  a 
  report 
  on 
  some 
  investigations 
  

   of 
  Pomeranzev 
  and 
  Shevirev, 
  from 
  which 
  it 
  appears 
  that 
  in 
  the 
  

   stomachs 
  of 
  various 
  birds 
  are 
  found 
  mostly 
  insects 
  of 
  the 
  order 
  Coleop- 
  

   tera, 
  next 
  in 
  order 
  being 
  Hemiptera, 
  Hymenoptera 
  (ants), 
  Orthoptera, 
  

   Diptera 
  and 
  Lepidoptera 
  ; 
  Neuroptera 
  are 
  seldom 
  found. 
  The 
  author 
  

   further 
  discusses 
  the 
  work 
  done 
  on 
  this 
  subject 
  by 
  Baron 
  von 
  Ber- 
  

   lepsch 
  in 
  Germany 
  and 
  suggests 
  the 
  necessity 
  of 
  regulations 
  calculated 
  

   to 
  protect 
  useful 
  birds. 
  In 
  his 
  opmion 
  birds 
  are 
  not 
  able 
  to 
  control 
  

   an 
  insect 
  pest 
  after 
  it 
  has 
  become 
  abnormally 
  abundant, 
  as 
  their 
  

   capacity 
  for 
  destruction 
  is 
  limited, 
  but 
  they 
  may 
  sometimes 
  prevent 
  

   such 
  outbreaks. 
  The 
  protection 
  of 
  birds 
  can 
  be 
  accomphshed 
  by 
  

   means 
  of 
  special 
  regulations 
  as 
  to 
  shooting 
  and 
  trapping, 
  by 
  the 
  con- 
  

   trol 
  of 
  industries 
  connected 
  with 
  the 
  preparation 
  of 
  birds' 
  skins, 
  and 
  

   by 
  educating 
  the 
  public 
  in 
  this 
  direction. 
  

  

  The 
  indices 
  are 
  particularly 
  useful 
  and 
  consist 
  of 
  an 
  index 
  of 
  generic 
  

   names, 
  an 
  index 
  of 
  Russian 
  popular 
  names 
  (450) 
  and 
  a 
  general 
  

   index 
  with 
  special 
  reference 
  to 
  insecticides. 
  When 
  it 
  is 
  considered 
  

   that 
  no 
  less 
  than 
  278 
  insect 
  pests 
  are 
  dealt 
  with 
  and 
  that 
  

   the 
  information 
  given 
  in 
  each 
  case 
  is 
  practically 
  exhaustive 
  from 
  the 
  

   author's 
  standpoint, 
  it 
  is 
  a 
  matter 
  for 
  regret 
  that 
  the 
  language 
  in 
  w^hich 
  

   it 
  is 
  written 
  prevents 
  a 
  most 
  useful 
  and 
  practical 
  book 
  from 
  being 
  

   generally 
  accessible 
  to 
  Economic 
  Entomologists 
  throughout 
  the 
  world. 
  

  

  Shevirev 
  (I. 
  J). 
  PeryjinpoBaHJe 
  nona 
  noTOMCTea 
  caMKaMM 
  HatsAHM- 
  

  

  KOBIa. 
  [The 
  Regulation 
  of 
  the 
  Sex 
  of 
  their 
  Offspring 
  by 
  Female 
  

   Ichneumonidae.] 
  — 
  Bulletin 
  du 
  Lahoratoire 
  Biologiqne 
  de 
  St. 
  Peters- 
  

   bourg, 
  iii, 
  no. 
  2. 
  1913, 
  pp. 
  24-30. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  records 
  the 
  observations 
  made 
  by 
  him 
  in 
  the 
  Entomo- 
  

   logical 
  Laboratory 
  of 
  the 
  Forestry 
  Department 
  on 
  parasitic 
  insects 
  

   hatched 
  from 
  pupae 
  ; 
  these 
  had 
  first 
  been 
  conducted 
  on 
  Pimpla 
  

   instigator, 
  ¥., 
  but 
  were 
  repeated 
  and 
  confirmed 
  also 
  on 
  Pimpla 
  examinator 
  

   ¥., 
  P. 
  brassicariae, 
  Poda, 
  and 
  P. 
  capulifera, 
  Kriech. 
  Each 
  Pimpla 
  was 
  

   kept 
  in 
  a 
  special 
  cage, 
  made 
  of 
  cardboard 
  and 
  mushn 
  and 
  fed 
  every 
  

   alternate 
  day, 
  the 
  food 
  consisting 
  of 
  a 
  smear 
  of 
  honey 
  on 
  a 
  glass 
  with 
  

   a 
  drop 
  of 
  water 
  ; 
  some 
  insects 
  w^ere 
  fecundated, 
  others 
  were 
  kept 
  

   virgin 
  during 
  their 
  whole 
  life, 
  which 
  lasted 
  from 
  two 
  to 
  three 
  months. 
  

   The 
  author 
  has 
  noticed 
  that 
  all 
  these 
  species 
  of 
  Pimpla 
  belong 
  to 
  a 
  

   group 
  called 
  by 
  him 
  " 
  uninuptae," 
  i.e. 
  they 
  are 
  fecundated 
  only 
  once 
  

   m 
  their 
  life, 
  refusing 
  afterwards 
  to 
  copulate 
  with 
  any 
  other 
  male. 
  

   The 
  opposite 
  group, 
  " 
  multinuptae," 
  for 
  instance 
  Theronia, 
  consists 
  

   of 
  species, 
  which 
  are 
  fecundated 
  repeatedly 
  and 
  by 
  many 
  males. 
  

   The 
  fecundated, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  unfecundated 
  females 
  oviposited 
  

   willingly 
  on 
  pupae 
  which 
  had 
  been 
  placed 
  in 
  an 
  artificial 
  cocoon, 
  made 
  

   from 
  muslin 
  or 
  linen. 
  Some 
  of 
  the 
  pupae 
  offered 
  for 
  oviposition 
  were 
  

   of 
  large 
  size, 
  such 
  as 
  those 
  of 
  Sphifix, 
  Saturnia, 
  Gastropacha 
  pini, 
  

  

  