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  The 
  spring 
  broods 
  of 
  maggots 
  attack 
  the 
  plants 
  when 
  much 
  larger 
  

   and 
  better 
  able 
  to 
  Avithstand 
  injury. 
  The 
  attack 
  of 
  the 
  fly 
  may 
  so 
  

   weaken 
  the 
  stem 
  that 
  it 
  will 
  break 
  at 
  the 
  point 
  of 
  injury 
  and 
  fall 
  over 
  

   before 
  harvest. 
  

  

  Among 
  measures 
  of 
  control 
  often 
  advocated 
  is 
  the 
  pasturing 
  of 
  

   wheat, 
  but 
  this 
  has 
  been 
  proved 
  totally 
  insufficient 
  to 
  control 
  the 
  fly. 
  

   Rolling 
  or 
  brushing 
  is 
  also 
  of 
  little 
  value 
  and 
  mowing 
  does 
  not 
  seem 
  

   promising 
  in 
  Kansas. 
  No 
  strain 
  of 
  wheat 
  is 
  yet 
  known 
  to 
  be 
  " 
  fly 
  

   proof." 
  Garman's 
  work 
  in 
  Kentucky 
  shows 
  that 
  regular 
  treatment 
  

   of 
  infested 
  wheat 
  with 
  kerosene 
  emulsion, 
  Bordeaux 
  mixture, 
  Ume 
  

   and 
  Paris 
  green, 
  and 
  lime 
  are 
  of 
  little 
  value, 
  while 
  intermittent 
  wheat 
  

   culture 
  and 
  trap 
  plantmg 
  seem 
  as 
  useless. 
  Destruction 
  of 
  fly 
  in 
  

   infested 
  stubble 
  is 
  no 
  doubt 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  best 
  means 
  of 
  combating 
  the 
  

   pest, 
  and 
  may 
  be 
  accomplished 
  by 
  burning 
  and 
  ploughing 
  under. 
  

   Burning 
  the 
  stubble 
  will 
  destroy 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  puparia, 
  but 
  will 
  not 
  

   kill 
  enough 
  to 
  keep 
  the 
  insect 
  under 
  control, 
  those 
  underground 
  

   remaining 
  untouched. 
  The 
  reason 
  for 
  ploughing 
  lies 
  in 
  the 
  idea 
  that 
  

   the 
  infested 
  stubble 
  can 
  be 
  so 
  deeply 
  turned 
  under 
  and 
  the 
  ground 
  so 
  

   firmly 
  packed 
  that 
  the 
  flies 
  emerging 
  from 
  the 
  buried 
  puparia 
  will 
  

   perish 
  before 
  reaching 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  soil. 
  As 
  a 
  result 
  of 
  experi- 
  

   ments 
  it 
  seems 
  that 
  where 
  the 
  ploughed 
  stubble 
  is 
  buried 
  beneath 
  four 
  

   or 
  more 
  inches 
  of 
  well 
  pulverised 
  soil, 
  none 
  of 
  the 
  flies 
  can 
  escape. 
  

   Volunteer 
  wheat 
  is 
  a 
  menace 
  to 
  the 
  succeeding 
  crop 
  and 
  should 
  not 
  

   be 
  allowed 
  to 
  grow. 
  Late 
  sowing 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  most, 
  if 
  not 
  the 
  most, 
  

   efiicient 
  of 
  all 
  measures 
  for 
  fly 
  control. 
  In 
  different 
  territories 
  the 
  

   date 
  for 
  safe 
  sowing 
  varies 
  and 
  should 
  be 
  ascertained 
  by 
  the 
  entomo- 
  

   logist, 
  who 
  should 
  adopt 
  as 
  the 
  safe-sowing 
  date 
  the 
  average 
  of 
  dates 
  

   on 
  which 
  the 
  sowings 
  of 
  several 
  years 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  absolutely 
  

   free 
  from 
  fly. 
  When 
  an 
  outbreak 
  is 
  anticipated 
  a 
  close 
  watch 
  should 
  

   be 
  kept 
  on 
  the 
  fly 
  emergence. 
  The 
  following 
  steps 
  are 
  recommended 
  

   when 
  wheat 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  sown 
  on 
  a 
  field 
  infested 
  the 
  previous 
  year. 
  The 
  

   disk 
  should 
  follow 
  the 
  reaper 
  as 
  quickly 
  as 
  possible, 
  since 
  it 
  causes 
  many 
  

   of 
  the 
  weed 
  seeds 
  and 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  volunteer 
  wheat 
  to 
  germinate 
  and 
  

   renders 
  their 
  destruction 
  more 
  certain 
  and 
  tends 
  to 
  bring 
  about 
  early 
  

   emergence 
  of 
  the 
  fly. 
  The 
  disked 
  ground 
  should 
  be 
  turned 
  with 
  a 
  

   plough 
  three 
  or 
  four 
  weeks 
  later 
  and 
  all 
  rubbish 
  buried 
  at 
  least 
  four 
  

   inches 
  below 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  soil. 
  If 
  there 
  is 
  too 
  much 
  stubble 
  to 
  

   allow 
  this 
  the 
  field 
  should 
  be 
  burned 
  over 
  before 
  being 
  ploughed. 
  

   By 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  harrows 
  and 
  packers 
  the 
  surface 
  layer 
  should 
  be 
  pul- 
  

   verised 
  and 
  packed 
  down 
  into 
  a 
  good 
  seed-bed. 
  The 
  crop 
  should 
  

   not 
  be 
  sown 
  until 
  the 
  safe-sowing 
  date. 
  Good 
  seed 
  and 
  fertile 
  soil 
  will 
  

   produce 
  thrifty, 
  rapidly 
  growing 
  plants, 
  which 
  will 
  suffer 
  much 
  less 
  

   injury 
  from 
  fly. 
  

  

  Headlee 
  (T. 
  J.) 
  & 
  McCoLLocH 
  (J. 
  W.). 
  The 
  Chinch 
  Bug 
  (Blissus 
  

   leucoptera, 
  Say). 
  — 
  Kansas 
  Agric. 
  Expt.Stn., 
  Manhattan, 
  Bull. 
  191, 
  

   Nov. 
  1913, 
  pp. 
  287-353, 
  7 
  pis., 
  11 
  figs. 
  [Reed. 
  28th 
  March 
  1914.] 
  

  

  The 
  chinch 
  bug 
  has 
  damaged 
  Kansas 
  crops 
  to 
  a 
  greater 
  extent 
  than 
  

   has 
  any 
  other 
  injurious 
  insect, 
  and 
  its 
  history 
  reaches 
  back 
  to 
  before 
  

   the 
  settlers 
  landed. 
  Where 
  corn 
  and 
  similar 
  grains 
  alone 
  are 
  grown 
  

   the 
  bug 
  does 
  small 
  damage, 
  because 
  food 
  is 
  scarce 
  in 
  the 
  early 
  summer]; 
  

   and 
  again, 
  if 
  wheat 
  and 
  other 
  small 
  grains 
  alone 
  are 
  grown 
  the 
  harm 
  

  

  