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  done, 
  but, 
  in 
  addition, 
  the 
  larva 
  attacks 
  the 
  roots. 
  Other 
  plants 
  

   attacked 
  are 
  the 
  peach, 
  raspberry 
  and 
  strawberry. 
  The 
  insect 
  appears 
  

   at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  May 
  ; 
  the 
  eggs 
  are 
  laid 
  during 
  the 
  summer 
  on 
  the 
  earth 
  ; 
  

   the 
  larva, 
  which 
  is 
  fully 
  developed 
  in 
  the 
  autumn, 
  hibernates 
  until 
  

   the 
  following 
  spring. 
  The 
  adult 
  cannot 
  fly, 
  and 
  consequently 
  its 
  

   spread 
  is 
  slow 
  ; 
  at 
  present 
  in 
  Oleron 
  the 
  attack 
  is 
  restricted 
  to 
  about 
  

   100 
  acres 
  in 
  the 
  commune 
  of 
  S. 
  Pierre. 
  

  

  Dejohet 
  (E.). 
  La 
  lutte 
  contre 
  les 
  Cochenilles 
  des 
  Grangers. 
  [Orange 
  

   Scale 
  control.] 
  — 
  Rev. 
  Agric. 
  Vitic. 
  Afr. 
  Nord, 
  Algiers, 
  iii, 
  no. 
  98, 
  

   24th 
  Jan. 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  83-85, 
  1 
  fig. 
  

  

  Agriculturists 
  in 
  the 
  PhiUppeville 
  district, 
  in 
  Algeria, 
  decided 
  to 
  

   undertake 
  general 
  measures 
  for 
  control 
  of 
  the 
  orange 
  scale, 
  Chrysom- 
  

   jphalus 
  minor. 
  Three 
  insecticides 
  were 
  tested 
  : 
  Polysulphides 
  of 
  cal- 
  

   cium, 
  petroleum-soap, 
  and 
  Cooper's 
  Fluid. 
  During 
  the 
  summer 
  the 
  

   Syndicat 
  Agricole 
  has 
  sold 
  at 
  75 
  centimes 
  per 
  kilog. 
  (about 
  3i-d. 
  per 
  lb.) 
  

   a 
  petroleum-soap 
  prepared 
  in 
  the 
  following 
  manner 
  : 
  — 
  A 
  metal 
  pot 
  

   is 
  placed 
  in 
  a 
  pan 
  containing 
  water 
  kept 
  at 
  boiling 
  point 
  and 
  acting 
  

   as 
  a 
  water 
  bath 
  ; 
  in 
  the 
  pot 
  4 
  lb. 
  of 
  soft 
  soap 
  and 
  6 
  lb. 
  of 
  ordinary 
  

   petroleum 
  are 
  mixed 
  until 
  the 
  soap 
  no 
  longer 
  sticks 
  to 
  the 
  wooden 
  

   spatula 
  used 
  ; 
  the 
  pot 
  is 
  then 
  removed 
  and 
  its 
  contents 
  are 
  quickly 
  

   stirred 
  for 
  a 
  few 
  minutes 
  until 
  a 
  soft 
  paste 
  is 
  formed 
  which 
  stiffens 
  on 
  

   cooHng. 
  Of 
  this 
  paste 
  10 
  lb. 
  is 
  dissolved 
  in 
  20 
  gals, 
  of 
  water, 
  and 
  as 
  

   an 
  average 
  of 
  2 
  gals, 
  is 
  required 
  per 
  tree, 
  the 
  cost 
  is 
  about 
  3Jd., 
  or 
  4Jd. 
  

   including 
  labour. 
  In 
  using 
  Cooper's 
  Fluid 
  1 
  quart 
  is 
  diluted 
  to 
  25 
  gals, 
  

   with 
  water, 
  the 
  cost 
  per 
  tree 
  being 
  practically 
  the 
  same 
  as 
  for 
  petroleum- 
  

   soap. 
  When 
  inspecting 
  the 
  orange 
  groves 
  in 
  the 
  valleys 
  of 
  Zeramma 
  

   and 
  Saf-Saf 
  in 
  September 
  1913, 
  a 
  visit 
  was 
  paid 
  at 
  Oued 
  Louach 
  to 
  

   the 
  plantation 
  most 
  heavily 
  infested 
  by 
  Chrysomphalus 
  minor, 
  Parla- 
  

   toria 
  zizyphus, 
  Coccus 
  hesperidum 
  and 
  Pseudococcus 
  citri. 
  The 
  leaves 
  

   were 
  completely 
  covered 
  and 
  the 
  fruits 
  nearly 
  so. 
  Trees 
  treated 
  with 
  

   different 
  insecticides 
  were 
  found 
  in 
  a 
  satisfactory 
  condition 
  generally. 
  

   The 
  insects 
  were 
  dead 
  on 
  the 
  leaves 
  ; 
  but 
  on 
  the 
  fruit, 
  though 
  less 
  

   numerous, 
  they 
  were 
  nearly 
  all 
  ahve. 
  The 
  young 
  shoots 
  were 
  un- 
  

   affected. 
  Petroleum-soap 
  mixture 
  emulsifies 
  with 
  difficulty 
  and 
  this 
  

   has 
  caused 
  injury 
  to 
  the 
  plants 
  and 
  fruits 
  ; 
  Lorette 
  powder 
  was 
  

   imsatisfactory 
  ; 
  Cooper's 
  Fluid 
  gave 
  good 
  results. 
  At 
  Oued 
  Kaspa 
  

   repeated 
  spraying 
  has 
  checked 
  the 
  increase 
  of 
  the 
  scales 
  ; 
  some 
  bums 
  

   had 
  been 
  caused 
  by 
  the 
  petroleum-soap 
  mixture 
  and 
  the 
  polysulphides 
  

   of 
  calcium 
  proved 
  of 
  doubtful 
  value. 
  M. 
  Fran9ois, 
  head 
  of 
  the 
  

   School 
  of 
  Agriculture, 
  made 
  use 
  of 
  polysulphides 
  specially 
  prepared 
  

   under 
  his 
  supervision, 
  and 
  these 
  were 
  efiicacious. 
  On 
  a 
  large 
  estate 
  

   at 
  St. 
  Charles 
  three 
  appHcations 
  of 
  Cooper's 
  Fluid 
  resulted 
  in 
  very 
  few 
  

   scales 
  being 
  found. 
  At 
  Boufarik 
  the 
  polysulphides 
  were 
  a 
  source 
  

   of 
  complaint, 
  as 
  having 
  caused 
  burns. 
  The 
  author 
  thinks 
  it 
  chimerical 
  

   to 
  try 
  to 
  stamp 
  out 
  the 
  orange 
  scale 
  at 
  present 
  in 
  view 
  of 
  its 
  universal 
  

   occurrence, 
  but 
  it 
  has 
  now 
  been 
  shown 
  that 
  its 
  ravages 
  may 
  be 
  reduced 
  

   to 
  a 
  minimum. 
  Cultivators 
  must 
  consider 
  it 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  fight 
  as 
  

   vine-growers 
  regard 
  mildew, 
  oidium 
  and 
  black-rot. 
  The 
  three 
  insec- 
  

   ticides 
  recommended 
  as 
  a 
  result 
  of 
  the 
  1913 
  tests 
  are 
  : 
  — 
  (1) 
  the 
  poly- 
  

   sulphides 
  of 
  calcium, 
  a 
  safe 
  product 
  being 
  obtained 
  with 
  3 
  parts 
  

   by 
  weight 
  quickfime, 
  3 
  parts 
  sublimed 
  sulphur 
  and 
  200 
  parts 
  water 
  ; 
  

  

  