﻿233 
  

  

  granaria, 
  L., 
  attacks 
  other 
  cereals 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  wheat, 
  and 
  even 
  Italian 
  

   paste 
  (macaroni 
  and 
  the 
  like). 
  The 
  softer 
  varieties 
  of 
  wheat 
  are 
  

   attacked 
  before 
  the 
  harder 
  ones 
  stored 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  granary. 
  If 
  the 
  

   temperature 
  remains 
  constant 
  at 
  59° 
  F. 
  one 
  generation 
  would 
  follow 
  

   another 
  ; 
  but 
  the 
  colder 
  temperatures 
  cause 
  a 
  break 
  in 
  the 
  development. 
  

   In 
  Tunisia 
  four 
  to 
  six 
  generations 
  occur 
  in 
  a 
  year 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  

   localitv. 
  

  

  Lafforgue 
  (G.). 
  Les 
  pieges 
  alimentaires 
  dans 
  la 
  lutte 
  contre 
  la 
  

   Cochylis 
  et 
  TEud^mis. 
  [The 
  use 
  of 
  bait-traps 
  against 
  Chjsia 
  and 
  

   Polychrosis.] 
  — 
  Progres 
  Agric. 
  Vitic, 
  Montpellier, 
  xxxi, 
  no. 
  2, 
  11th 
  

   Jan. 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  38-43. 
  

  

  Careful 
  and 
  extended 
  experiments 
  have 
  shown 
  that 
  alcoholic 
  fer- 
  

   mentation 
  must 
  be 
  present 
  in 
  the 
  bait 
  if 
  the 
  moths 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  attracted. 
  

   The 
  best 
  bait 
  is 
  a 
  10 
  per 
  cent, 
  solution 
  of 
  molasses, 
  to 
  every 
  22 
  parts 
  of 
  

   which 
  1 
  part 
  of 
  wine-lees 
  has 
  been 
  added. 
  This 
  latter 
  is 
  only 
  necessary 
  

   when 
  starting 
  operations, 
  as 
  molasses 
  solution, 
  added 
  to 
  maintain 
  the 
  

   level 
  of 
  the 
  liquid 
  in 
  the 
  traps, 
  is 
  fermented 
  by 
  the 
  remains 
  of 
  the 
  

   previous 
  filhng. 
  Captures 
  are 
  not 
  influenced 
  by 
  the 
  size 
  and 
  shape 
  

   of 
  the 
  containers, 
  but 
  fermentation 
  is 
  inconveniently 
  rapid 
  in 
  small 
  

   ones, 
  while 
  the 
  quantity 
  of 
  fluid 
  necessary 
  and 
  the 
  evaporation 
  there- 
  

   from 
  increase 
  mth 
  large 
  ones. 
  A 
  pot 
  of 
  glass, 
  or 
  of 
  earthenware 
  

   glazed 
  inside, 
  with 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  3 
  J 
  in., 
  lip-diameter 
  of 
  3| 
  in., 
  and 
  bottom 
  

   diameter 
  of 
  2 
  in., 
  has 
  proved 
  suitable 
  in 
  practice, 
  and 
  5| 
  oz. 
  of 
  liquid 
  

   will 
  fill 
  it 
  to 
  two-thirds, 
  this 
  being 
  the 
  correct 
  height. 
  Two 
  holes, 
  

   under 
  the 
  lip 
  and 
  opposite 
  each 
  other, 
  provide 
  for 
  suspension 
  with 
  a 
  

   piece 
  of 
  iron 
  wire. 
  The 
  pot 
  must 
  be 
  placed 
  shghtly 
  above 
  the 
  grapes, 
  

   and 
  in 
  vineyards 
  where 
  three 
  wires 
  are 
  used 
  it 
  is 
  best 
  placed 
  close 
  to 
  

   the 
  second 
  wire. 
  As 
  the 
  traps 
  only 
  attract 
  moths 
  in 
  their 
  vicinity 
  

   their 
  number 
  must 
  not 
  be 
  less 
  than 
  80 
  per 
  acre. 
  Distribution 
  must 
  not 
  

   be 
  uniform, 
  as 
  the 
  moths 
  especially 
  abound 
  near 
  buildings, 
  hedges, 
  

   clumps 
  of 
  trees, 
  paths 
  and 
  the 
  parts 
  of 
  rows 
  most 
  protected 
  from 
  

   prevalent 
  winds. 
  In 
  such 
  positions 
  the 
  traps 
  must 
  be 
  closer 
  than 
  

   elsewhere 
  ; 
  nor 
  should 
  they 
  be 
  stinted 
  if 
  a 
  severe 
  attack 
  of 
  the 
  pests 
  

   is 
  anticipated. 
  In 
  1911, 
  100 
  moths 
  daily 
  were 
  taken 
  from 
  those 
  

   examined 
  on 
  the 
  14th, 
  15th, 
  17th, 
  18th, 
  20th 
  (oviposition 
  began), 
  and 
  

   23rd 
  July. 
  Of 
  these 
  600 
  insects 
  dissection 
  showed 
  that 
  322 
  were 
  

   males, 
  254 
  were 
  egg-bearing 
  females, 
  and 
  24 
  were 
  females 
  which 
  had 
  

   completed 
  oviposition. 
  On 
  the 
  24th 
  July, 
  39 
  dissections 
  were 
  made, 
  

   34 
  males 
  and 
  5 
  egg-bearing 
  females 
  being 
  found. 
  The 
  same 
  search 
  

   was 
  prosecuted 
  in 
  1912 
  with 
  similar 
  results 
  and 
  the 
  conclusions 
  arrived 
  

   at 
  are, 
  that 
  males 
  are 
  more 
  numerous 
  when 
  the 
  moths 
  first 
  emerge; 
  

   egg-bearing 
  females 
  are 
  captured 
  next— 
  this 
  being 
  the 
  efficacious 
  

   period 
  of 
  trapping; 
  and 
  finally, 
  females 
  which 
  have 
  laid 
  their 
  eggs 
  

   predominate. 
  Trapping 
  is 
  then 
  of 
  no 
  further 
  use, 
  unless 
  the 
  con- 
  

   tinued 
  capture 
  of 
  males 
  prevents 
  numbers 
  of 
  females 
  from 
  being 
  

   fecundated. 
  This 
  point 
  requires 
  proof. 
  Bait- 
  traps 
  are 
  thus 
  justified, 
  

   provided 
  costs 
  are 
  kept 
  down. 
  The 
  best 
  system 
  is 
  to 
  place 
  all 
  the 
  

   traps 
  in 
  position 
  and 
  only 
  bait 
  a 
  few 
  in 
  the 
  most 
  likely 
  places. 
  These 
  

   latter 
  must 
  be 
  inspected 
  regularly 
  and 
  on 
  noting 
  the 
  first 
  captures 
  all 
  

   the 
  other 
  traps 
  must 
  be 
  baited 
  and 
  kept 
  so 
  until 
  the 
  catches 
  diminish, 
  . 
  

   when 
  again 
  a 
  few 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  should 
  be 
  kept 
  going 
  — 
  simply 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  

   (C26) 
  C 
  

  

  