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  these 
  insects 
  were 
  still 
  present, 
  both 
  parthenogenetic 
  and 
  sexual 
  

   forms, 
  and 
  the 
  females 
  were 
  laying 
  at 
  the 
  bases 
  of 
  the 
  leaves. 
  When 
  

   the 
  beetroots 
  are 
  gathered 
  for 
  fodder 
  the 
  leaves 
  are 
  taken 
  away 
  or 
  

   else 
  the 
  leaves 
  and 
  the 
  collar, 
  and 
  the 
  roots 
  are 
  stored 
  in 
  a 
  cellar 
  or 
  

   pits. 
  The 
  eggs 
  remain 
  in 
  the 
  collar, 
  hatch 
  while 
  in 
  the 
  cellar 
  and 
  in 
  

   the 
  spring 
  spread 
  to 
  Riimex, 
  Chenopodium 
  and 
  other 
  wild 
  plants. 
  If 
  

   the 
  beetroots 
  are 
  left 
  to 
  go 
  to 
  seed, 
  the 
  females 
  issuing 
  from 
  the 
  eggs 
  

   form 
  new 
  colonies 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  plant 
  from 
  which 
  they 
  emerge. 
  

   The 
  small 
  beetroots 
  are 
  often 
  left 
  in 
  the 
  ground, 
  and 
  if 
  these 
  have 
  eojgs 
  

   on 
  them 
  may 
  be 
  a 
  means 
  of 
  infection 
  in 
  the 
  spring. 
  Thus 
  it 
  would 
  

   appear 
  that 
  destruction 
  of 
  Euonymus 
  and 
  Viburnum 
  would 
  really 
  be 
  

   of 
  little 
  value. 
  

  

  MiDDLETON 
  (T. 
  H.). 
  — 
  Annual 
  Report 
  of 
  Horticultural 
  Branch, 
  Board 
  

   of 
  Agrlc. 
  and 
  Fisheries, 
  London, 
  1914, 
  57 
  pp., 
  8 
  maps. 
  

  

  Among 
  the 
  insect 
  pests 
  which 
  have 
  been 
  scheduled 
  by 
  the 
  Board 
  is 
  

   the 
  large 
  larch 
  sawfly 
  (Lygaeonematus 
  erichsonii, 
  Hart.) 
  Affected 
  

   woods 
  in 
  the 
  Lake 
  District 
  were 
  inspected 
  by 
  two 
  of 
  the 
  Board's 
  

   Inspectors 
  who 
  concluded 
  that 
  a 
  recrudescence 
  of 
  the 
  infestation 
  had 
  

   taken 
  place 
  ; 
  the 
  intensity 
  of 
  the 
  attack 
  being 
  higher 
  in 
  the 
  Keswick 
  

   district, 
  except 
  in 
  Borrowdale 
  and 
  part 
  of 
  Thirlmere. 
  The 
  position 
  

   of 
  the 
  infested 
  woods 
  and 
  details 
  of 
  the 
  attack 
  are 
  given. 
  From 
  the 
  

   results 
  it 
  seems 
  certain 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  possible 
  to 
  rely 
  on 
  the 
  presence 
  

   of 
  parasites 
  to 
  effect 
  a 
  complete 
  extermination 
  of 
  the 
  pest, 
  the 
  average 
  

   percentage 
  of 
  insects 
  found 
  parasitised 
  in 
  the 
  different 
  woods 
  being 
  

   only 
  about 
  29*4. 
  The 
  parasites 
  show^ 
  no 
  tendency 
  to 
  increase 
  in 
  num- 
  

   bers 
  and 
  it 
  would 
  almost 
  appear 
  that 
  when 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  sa\^^ies 
  is 
  

   small 
  the 
  parasites 
  turn 
  their 
  attention 
  to 
  some 
  easier 
  prey. 
  Many 
  

   cocoons 
  were 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  northern 
  woods, 
  the 
  contents 
  of 
  which 
  had 
  

   been 
  removed, 
  in 
  some 
  cases 
  as 
  many 
  as 
  those 
  found 
  parasitised, 
  and 
  

   it 
  seems 
  probable, 
  therefore, 
  that 
  some 
  other 
  factor 
  injurious 
  to 
  the 
  

   sawflies 
  is 
  present. 
  The 
  condition 
  in 
  V/ales 
  is 
  very 
  satisfactory, 
  in 
  

   many 
  places 
  only 
  the 
  merest 
  traces 
  being 
  found, 
  and 
  in 
  others 
  the 
  pest 
  

   was 
  absent. 
  The 
  sawfly 
  as 
  a 
  pest 
  appears 
  to 
  have 
  vanished 
  from 
  

   Wales, 
  which 
  has 
  now 
  resumed 
  the 
  same 
  condition 
  as 
  obtains 
  in 
  the 
  

   rest 
  of 
  the 
  Kingdom, 
  though 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  parasites, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  is 
  known, 
  

   was 
  never 
  in 
  a 
  higher 
  proportion 
  than 
  in 
  many 
  parts 
  which 
  still 
  remain 
  

   infested. 
  During 
  the 
  month 
  of 
  November 
  1912 
  the 
  Board 
  received 
  

   a 
  report 
  of 
  an 
  infestation 
  by 
  the 
  \dne 
  louse 
  (Phylloxera 
  vastatrix) 
  in 
  a 
  

   vinery 
  in 
  Gloucestershire. 
  The 
  disease 
  had 
  been 
  noticed 
  some 
  time, 
  

   the 
  leaves 
  of 
  the 
  plants 
  growing 
  prematurely 
  yellow 
  and 
  Httle 
  or 
  no 
  

   fruit 
  being 
  borne, 
  but 
  it 
  was 
  not 
  till 
  the 
  vines 
  were 
  grubbed 
  that 
  

   expert 
  advice 
  was 
  taken. 
  When 
  an 
  inspector 
  from 
  the 
  Board 
  called 
  

   to 
  investigate 
  the 
  case 
  all 
  the 
  vines 
  known 
  to 
  be 
  affected 
  had 
  been 
  

   burnt 
  and 
  all 
  the 
  soil 
  removed 
  from 
  the 
  house. 
  It 
  was 
  decided 
  to 
  

   grub 
  all 
  the 
  vines 
  in 
  a 
  house 
  not 
  touched, 
  and 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  root 
  was 
  

   submitted 
  to 
  the 
  Board's 
  entomologist, 
  who 
  reported 
  the 
  presence 
  

   not 
  only 
  of 
  P. 
  vastatrix, 
  but 
  of 
  Heterodera 
  radicicola. 
  Though 
  Phyl- 
  

   loxera 
  can 
  survive 
  under 
  exceptional 
  conditions 
  in 
  England, 
  it 
  spreads 
  

   extremely 
  slowly 
  and 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  reason 
  for 
  supposing 
  that 
  it 
  can 
  ever 
  

   become 
  a 
  serious 
  menace 
  to 
  English 
  viticulture. 
  In 
  1912 
  also 
  a 
  single 
  

   case 
  occurred 
  where 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  the 
  Mediterranean 
  fruit 
  fly 
  (Ceratitis) 
  

  

  