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  capifala) 
  survived 
  for 
  a 
  considerable 
  time 
  in 
  England. 
  Larvae 
  were 
  

   found 
  in 
  Seville 
  oranges 
  and 
  puparia 
  were 
  obtained 
  from 
  the 
  tissue 
  

   paper 
  in 
  which 
  an 
  Almerian 
  orange 
  was 
  wrapped. 
  As 
  far 
  back 
  as 
  

   1868 
  the 
  fly 
  was 
  recorded 
  in 
  England, 
  having 
  been 
  bred 
  from 
  oranges, 
  

   and 
  hundreds 
  of 
  these 
  larvae 
  or 
  pupae 
  are 
  imported 
  every 
  year 
  inside 
  

   oranges, 
  and 
  are 
  killed 
  in 
  the 
  preparation 
  of 
  marmalade. 
  The 
  pre- 
  

   sumption 
  is, 
  therefore, 
  that 
  the 
  same 
  conditions 
  which 
  have 
  acted 
  

   unfavourably 
  to 
  the 
  cherry 
  fly 
  {Rhagoleiis 
  cerasi) 
  in 
  this 
  country, 
  will 
  

   stop 
  the 
  development 
  of 
  Cemtitis 
  also. 
  

  

  The 
  season 
  of 
  1912-13 
  j^i'oduced 
  very 
  few 
  new 
  conditions 
  in 
  the 
  

   state 
  of 
  Isle 
  of 
  Wight 
  Disease 
  among 
  bees. 
  Reports 
  of 
  its 
  presence 
  

   from 
  certain 
  districts 
  were 
  received 
  and 
  from 
  time 
  to 
  time 
  it 
  appeared 
  

   epizootically 
  in 
  different 
  comities. 
  No 
  treatment 
  has 
  been 
  regularly 
  

   successful 
  in 
  effecting 
  more 
  than 
  a 
  temporary 
  improvement. 
  

  

  La 
  lutte 
  contre 
  les 
  sauterelles 
  : 
  r^sultat 
  des 
  experiences 
  de 
  1913. 
  

  

  [Locust 
  control, 
  results 
  from 
  experiments 
  in 
  1913.] 
  — 
  Bull, 
  hi-mens. 
  

   Off. 
  Gouv. 
  Gen. 
  Alger., 
  Paris, 
  xx, 
  no. 
  2, 
  15th 
  Jan. 
  1914, 
  p. 
  26. 
  

  

  This 
  article 
  gives 
  the 
  detailed 
  information 
  supplied 
  by 
  M. 
  Vermeil, 
  

   Director 
  of 
  Agriculture 
  for 
  the 
  Province 
  of 
  Oran, 
  who 
  was 
  sent 
  by 
  the 
  

   Algerian 
  Government 
  to 
  w^atch 
  the 
  tests 
  made 
  in 
  the 
  Tagremaret 
  

   district 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Sergent, 
  Director 
  of 
  the 
  Pasteur 
  Institute 
  in 
  Algeria, 
  

   with 
  the 
  Coccobacillus 
  employed 
  by 
  d'Herelle 
  in 
  the 
  Argentine 
  against 
  

   locusts. 
  The 
  hoppers 
  experimented 
  on 
  had 
  hatched 
  from 
  eggs 
  laid 
  

   in 
  the 
  previous 
  autumn 
  by 
  Stauronotus 
  maroccanus. 
  Dr. 
  Sergeiit 
  

   first 
  ascertained 
  them 
  to 
  be 
  free 
  from 
  d'Herelle's 
  Coccobacillus. 
  A 
  

   batch 
  was 
  inoculated 
  with 
  pure 
  bouillon 
  and 
  remained 
  healthy, 
  while 
  

   individuals 
  of 
  another 
  batch 
  inoculated 
  with 
  infected 
  bouillon 
  began 
  

   to 
  die 
  on 
  the 
  third 
  day, 
  and 
  all 
  rapidl}^ 
  perished 
  except 
  tw^o 
  or 
  three 
  

   which 
  remained 
  immune 
  right 
  through. 
  The 
  blood 
  of 
  the 
  dying 
  

   hoppers 
  was 
  used 
  to 
  prepare 
  fresh 
  and 
  more 
  virulent 
  cultures, 
  and 
  

   after 
  the 
  virus 
  had 
  been 
  passed 
  through 
  14 
  locusts 
  it 
  caused 
  death 
  in 
  

   7 
  hours. 
  A 
  further 
  4 
  or 
  5 
  passages 
  did 
  not 
  reduce 
  this 
  period 
  of 
  time, 
  

   and 
  Dr. 
  Sergent 
  considered 
  this 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  minimum. 
  Later 
  on, 
  how- 
  

   ever. 
  Dr. 
  Sergent 
  experimented 
  with 
  adult 
  locusts 
  in 
  the 
  district 
  of 
  

   Beni-Ounif 
  and 
  was 
  able 
  to 
  cause 
  death 
  in 
  one 
  hour. 
  M. 
  d'Herelle 
  

   states 
  that 
  by 
  spra}dng 
  the 
  grass 
  and 
  the 
  insects 
  about 
  95 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  

   the 
  latter 
  will 
  be 
  infected 
  and 
  killed. 
  In 
  the 
  experiments 
  made 
  by 
  

   Dr. 
  Sergent 
  to 
  ascertain 
  this 
  point 
  a 
  negative 
  result 
  was 
  obtained. 
  

   After 
  several 
  days 
  about 
  95 
  per 
  cent, 
  were 
  very 
  much 
  alive. 
  Of 
  course, 
  

   this 
  method 
  would 
  in 
  any 
  case 
  be 
  impracticable 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  quantity 
  

   of 
  spray 
  necessary, 
  and 
  M. 
  d'Herelle 
  reported 
  that 
  only 
  the 
  leaders 
  of 
  

   a 
  column 
  required 
  spraying 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  provoke 
  a 
  spread 
  of 
  infection 
  

   throughout 
  the 
  locust 
  army. 
  This 
  was 
  also 
  tested, 
  but 
  after 
  some 
  

   100,000 
  to 
  150,000 
  hoppers 
  had 
  passed 
  over 
  infected 
  ground, 
  and 
  their 
  

   leaders 
  had 
  been 
  sprayed 
  as 
  directed, 
  it 
  was 
  difficult 
  to 
  find 
  any 
  dead 
  

   except 
  a 
  few 
  which 
  appeared 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  the 
  victims 
  of 
  insect-eating 
  

   spiders. 
  In 
  spite 
  of 
  the 
  care 
  and 
  patience 
  with 
  w^hich 
  all 
  these 
  tests 
  

   were 
  made 
  their 
  ill-success 
  was 
  clearly 
  apparent. 
  The 
  evident 
  con- 
  

   tradiction 
  may 
  perhaps 
  be 
  explained 
  by 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  following 
  considera- 
  

   tions 
  : 
  — 
  (1) 
  M. 
  d'Herelle 
  may 
  have 
  been 
  too 
  sanguine, 
  and 
  the 
  insects 
  

   may 
  have 
  died 
  quite 
  independently 
  of 
  the 
  Coccobacillus 
  found 
  in 
  their 
  

  

  