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  the 
  green 
  colour 
  of 
  the 
  undamaged 
  cones. 
  They 
  are 
  very 
  easily 
  shaken 
  

   off 
  the 
  trees, 
  which 
  makes 
  it 
  very 
  probable 
  that, 
  as 
  a 
  rule, 
  they 
  drop 
  

   to 
  the 
  ground 
  before 
  they 
  are 
  ripe. 
  In 
  1907, 
  on 
  the 
  island 
  of 
  Gotland, 
  

   22-27 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  cones 
  were 
  damaged 
  by 
  this 
  weevil. 
  This 
  year 
  

   Mjoberg 
  found 
  no 
  less 
  than 
  80 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  parasitised, 
  a 
  

   fact 
  which 
  seems 
  to 
  indicate 
  a 
  possible 
  method 
  of 
  fighting 
  the 
  insect. 
  

   The 
  Anobiid 
  beetle, 
  Ernobius 
  ahietis, 
  makes 
  its 
  appearance 
  in 
  July 
  ; 
  

   the 
  amount 
  of 
  damage 
  it 
  does 
  in 
  Sweden 
  is 
  not 
  known 
  

  

  Laspeyresia 
  stwbileUa 
  occurs 
  throughout 
  Sweden 
  to 
  Lapland. 
  The 
  

   cones 
  attacked 
  by 
  the 
  caterpillar 
  very 
  often 
  do 
  not 
  differ 
  in 
  appear- 
  

   ance 
  from 
  healthy 
  cones. 
  In 
  the 
  autumn 
  the 
  larva 
  does 
  very 
  little 
  

   damage 
  to 
  the 
  cones, 
  only 
  6-10 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  seeds 
  being 
  devoured, 
  

   but 
  if 
  they 
  are 
  stored 
  in 
  a 
  warm 
  room 
  during 
  the 
  winter 
  the 
  seeds 
  are 
  

   attacked 
  one 
  after 
  the 
  other, 
  so 
  that 
  by 
  April 
  or 
  May 
  all 
  of 
  them 
  are 
  

   eaten 
  It 
  follows 
  from 
  this 
  that 
  the 
  earlier 
  the 
  seeds 
  are 
  shelled 
  the 
  

   better. 
  

  

  Another 
  cone 
  moth, 
  Diorydria 
  abietella, 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  recorded 
  as 
  

   doing 
  any 
  harm 
  until 
  last 
  summer, 
  when 
  the 
  author 
  found 
  it 
  plentiful 
  

   everywhere 
  in 
  the 
  vicinity 
  of 
  Stockholm. 
  Its 
  mode 
  of 
  attacking 
  the 
  

   cones 
  differs 
  greatly 
  from 
  that 
  of 
  L. 
  strobilella, 
  it 
  being 
  much 
  larger 
  

   and 
  accomphshing 
  its 
  feeding 
  in 
  the 
  autumn. 
  As 
  a 
  consequence 
  it 
  

   devours 
  a 
  much 
  greater 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  cone 
  than 
  strobilella, 
  and 
  further- 
  

   more 
  it 
  throws 
  out 
  heaps 
  of 
  frass 
  on 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  cone. 
  It 
  makes 
  

   ^\^nding 
  galleries 
  in 
  the 
  centre 
  of 
  the 
  cone, 
  feeding 
  on 
  the 
  seeds 
  and 
  on 
  

   the 
  basal 
  pails 
  of 
  the 
  scales, 
  the 
  latter 
  becoming 
  anchor-shaped, 
  as 
  

   already 
  observed 
  by 
  German 
  entomologists. 
  

  

  The 
  seeds 
  of 
  these 
  conifers 
  are 
  also 
  attacked 
  by 
  an, 
  as 
  yet, 
  unde- 
  

   scribed 
  Chaicid 
  of 
  the 
  genus 
  Megastigmus, 
  and 
  by 
  gall-midges 
  which 
  

   are 
  not 
  identical 
  with 
  those 
  described 
  from 
  Austria. 
  

  

  Smith 
  (H. 
  S.). 
  Mealy 
  Bug 
  Parasites 
  in 
  the 
  Far 
  East. 
  — 
  MtJily. 
  Bull. 
  

   State 
  Comm. 
  Hortic, 
  Sacramento, 
  Cal., 
  iii, 
  no. 
  1, 
  Jan. 
  1914, 
  

   pp. 
  26-29. 
  

  

  In 
  this 
  paper 
  the 
  author 
  reports 
  on 
  his 
  visit 
  to 
  Japan 
  and 
  the 
  Philip- 
  

   pines 
  with 
  a 
  view 
  of 
  obtaining 
  natural 
  enemies 
  for 
  Californian 
  pests. 
  

   Attention 
  was 
  first 
  turned 
  to 
  the 
  enemies 
  of 
  Pseudococcus 
  citri. 
  In 
  

   Japan, 
  where 
  the 
  mealy 
  bug 
  is 
  never 
  a 
  pest 
  of 
  any 
  importance, 
  three 
  

   enemies 
  of 
  this 
  insect 
  were 
  found. 
  One 
  is 
  a 
  ladybird, 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  

   which 
  is 
  unknown 
  to 
  the 
  author 
  ; 
  it 
  resembles 
  Cryptolaemus 
  montrou- 
  

   zieri 
  ; 
  the 
  others 
  are 
  parasitic 
  wasps, 
  a 
  small 
  metallic 
  blue 
  Encyrtid 
  

   and 
  a 
  Proctotrupid, 
  which 
  lay 
  their 
  eggs 
  in 
  the 
  very 
  young 
  mealy 
  bugs. 
  

   A 
  good 
  breeding 
  stock 
  of 
  these 
  parasites 
  is 
  now 
  in 
  the 
  insectary 
  in 
  

   California. 
  In 
  the 
  Phihppines 
  P. 
  citri 
  was 
  not 
  encountered, 
  though 
  a 
  

   similar 
  species 
  occurs, 
  and 
  the 
  ladybirds 
  Pullits 
  fuscalus 
  and 
  Aspidi- 
  

   merus 
  orbiculus 
  were 
  found 
  feeding 
  on 
  it. 
  Spalgis 
  substrigata 
  was 
  

   found 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  very 
  important 
  factor 
  in 
  the 
  control 
  of 
  mealy 
  bugs. 
  A 
  

   single 
  larva 
  of 
  this 
  butterfly 
  would 
  frequently 
  clear 
  an 
  entire 
  twig 
  of 
  

   mealy 
  bug 
  larvae 
  and 
  eggs 
  ; 
  but 
  this 
  t^-pe 
  of 
  insect 
  is 
  very 
  difficult 
  

   to 
  breed 
  in 
  confinement. 
  Two 
  species 
  of 
  Chaicid 
  flies 
  were 
  also 
  found 
  

   attacking 
  Pseudococcus, 
  but 
  to 
  a 
  far 
  less 
  extent 
  than 
  the 
  foregoing 
  

   insects. 
  Two 
  species 
  of 
  Diptera 
  of 
  the 
  genus 
  Diplosis 
  do 
  good 
  work 
  

   against 
  mealy 
  bugs 
  of 
  guava 
  and 
  Hibiscus 
  in 
  the 
  Philippines, 
  feeding 
  

   in 
  the 
  larval 
  stage 
  upon 
  the 
  eggs 
  and 
  young. 
  Several 
  other 
  enemies 
  

  

  